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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Superior |
Above
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Inferior
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Below
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Medial
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Toward the midline
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Lateral
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Away from midline
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Superficial
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Toward the surface
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Deep
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Toward the core
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Anterior
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To the front
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Posterior
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To the back
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Ventral
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belly side
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Dorsal
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Back side
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Proximal
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nearest to an extremity's attachment to the trunk
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Distal
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furthest from an extremity's attachment to the trunk
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Parietal
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closer to the body wall or on the body wall
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Visceral
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Closer to an internal organ or on the organ
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Ipsilateral
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on the same side of the body
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Contralateral
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on the opposite side of the body
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Coronal or Frontal plane
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divides the body into anterior or posterior portions
this type of cut would leave the face untouched |
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Midsagittal plane
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divides the body into equal left and right halves
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Sagittal plane
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divides the body into unequal left and right halves
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Parasagittal plane
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any other sagittal plane
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Transverse or horizontal plane
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divides the body into a superior and inferior portion
view represented by a CT scan |
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Dorsal Cavity consists of what?
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cranial cavity and spinal cavity as known as vertebral canal
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Ventral Cavity consists of what?
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thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity
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Cephalic
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head
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Cranial
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Skull
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Frontal
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Forehead
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Ocular, Orbit
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eye
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Otic
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Ear
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Buccal
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cheech
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Mental
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Chin
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Nasal
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Nose
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Oral
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Mouth
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Cervical
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Neck
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Thoracic
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Chest
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Sternal
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referring to the middle of the chest
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Pectoral
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indicating the lateral musculature
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Abdominal
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anterior body trunk inferior to the ribs
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Umbilical
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naval
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Coxal
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hip
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Inguinal
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Groin
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Pubic
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Genital
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Vertebral
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region of the vertebral column
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Scapular
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Shoulder blade
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Lumbar
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Lower back
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Sacral
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area below lover back at start of gluteal cleavage
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Gluteal
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buttocks
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Dorsum
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Back
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Acromial
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Shoulder
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Axillary
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Armpit
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Brachial
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Arm
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Antebrachial
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Forearm
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Cubital, Antecubital
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front of elbow
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Olecranal
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back of elbow
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Carpal
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wrist
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Manual
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Hand
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Digital, Phalangeal
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fingers
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Pollex
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thumb
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Coxal
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hip
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Femoral
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thigh
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Patellar
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front of knee
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Popliteal
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back of knee
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Crural
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front of lower leg
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Sural
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back of lower leg
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Tarsal
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ankle
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Pedal
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foot
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Calcaneal
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heel
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Hallux
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Great Toe
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Anatomical position Is a standardized method of observing and describing regions or parts of the human body when it is
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in a SPECIFIC STANCE
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Standard Anatomical position - 5 characteristics
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i. Body is erect and facing forward – standing ii. Arms at side of body, iii. Palms facing forward, iv. Feet flat on the floor – parallel with the floor
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REGIONAL NAMES - PRINCIPAL REGIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY Head
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Saphallic
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REGIONAL NAMES - PRINCIPAL REGIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY Neck
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Cervical
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REGIONAL NAMES - PRINCIPAL REGIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY Trunk
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Trunk
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REGIONAL NAMES - PRINCIPAL REGIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY Upper Limbs
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Upper Limbs
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REGIONAL NAMES - PRINCIPAL REGIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY Lower Limbs
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Lower Limbs
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Anatomical Terms
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Are terms used to describe major parts of the body. - See Fig. 1.5 in your textbook.
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Directional Terms are terms used to
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describe the location of one part of the body relative to another part of the human body.
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Directional Terms - superior refers to
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a part located toward the head or upper part of a structure.
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Directional Terms - inferior refers to
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a part located away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure.
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Directional Terms - anterior refers to
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a part which is nearer to or at the front of the body.
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Directional Terms - posterior refers to
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a part which is nearer to or at the back of the body.
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Directional Terms - medial refers to
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a part which is nearer to the imaginary midline of the body.
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Directional Terms - lateral refers to
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a part which is farther from the imaginary midline of the body.
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Directional Terms - intermediate refers to
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a structure which is located between two other structures.
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Directional Terms - ipsilateral refers to
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a structure which is located on the same side of the body as another structure.
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Directional Terms - contralateral refers to
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a structure which is located on the opposite side of the body from another structure.
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Directional Terms - bilateral refers to
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a structure which is located on both sides of the body.
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Directional Terms - proximal refers to
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a structure which is nearer to the point of attachment to the limb or to the trunk; nearer to the origination of a structure. Primarily used for limbs
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Directional Terms - distal refers to
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a structure which is farther from the point of attachment to a limb or to the trunk; farther from the origination of a structure. Primarily used for limbs
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Directional Terms - superficial refers to
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structures which are closer towards or on the surface of the body or other structure.
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Directional Terms - deep refers to
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structures which are farther away from the surface of the body or structure.
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Directional Terms - prone refers to
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the position of the body when the individual lies anterior side down.
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Directional Terms - supine refers to
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the position of the body when the individual lies anterior side up.
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Planes and Sections
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Imaginary flat surfaces that may be passed through the body or organs to divide it into parts.
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Planes and Sections - Sagittal plane section or plane is used to divide the body
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vertically into right and left sections.
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Planes and Sections - midsagital section or plane is used to divide the body
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along the midline resulting in bilateral symmetry.
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Planes and Sections - parasagital section or plane is a
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vertical division but is located off-center of the midline in either direction.
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Planes and Sections - frontal section or plane may also be referred to as
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a coronal section or plane occurs at a right angle to the sagittal plane and it divides structures into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.
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Planes and Sections - oblique section or plane occurs
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at a slant or diagonal usually about 45 degrees to either a sagittal or frontal plane.
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Planes and Sections - transverse section or plane is a
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horizontal section or plane which divides the body or structure across the short axis resulting in superior(higher) and inferior (lower) sections.
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Planes and Sections - Longitudinal section or plane refers to any division of the body or structure in
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the direction of the long axis of a structure.
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The term Anatomy is
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the study of body structures and the relationships that exist among them.
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Embyology: refers to the study of
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structures of a fertilized egg through the eighth week in utero
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Developmental Biology structures emerge from
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fertilized egg to the adult form
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Histology:
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microscopic structure of tissues
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Surface Anatomy:
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anatomical landmarks on the surface of the body through visualization and palpation
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Gross Anatomy:
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structures which can be examined without the use of a microscope
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Systemic anatomy:
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structure of specific systems of the body
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Regional Anatomy:
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specific regions of the body
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Radiographic:
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body structures visualized with x-rays
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Pathological:
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structural changes associated with disease
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The term Physiology is
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the study of body functions or how the body parts work.
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Neurophysiology:
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functional properties of nerve cells
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Endocrinology:
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hormones and how they control body functions
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Cardiovascular:
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functions of heart and blood vessels
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Immunology:
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defense systems against disease-causing agents
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Respiratory Physiology :
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functions of air passageways and lungs
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Metabolism
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Defined as the sum of all chemical processes that occur within the body.
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catabolic is the breakdown of
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chemical substances and/or macromolecules into simpler compounds and/or monomers.
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anabolic is the
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synthesis(building) of complex chemical substances and/or macromolecules from smaller, simpler components and/or monomers.
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Responsiveness
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Refers to the ability of the organism to detect and respond to changes in both the internal and external environment. – goes Hand in Hand with Homeostasis
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Movement
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Includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and structures inside the cells.
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Growth
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Refers to an increase in the size of the organism through an increase in cell size, the number of cells or both.
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Differentiation
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A process in which unspecialized cells change into cells with specialized functions and structures.
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Precursor cells which can divide and become specialized cells through differentiation are called
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stem cells
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Reproduction
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Refers to either the Formation of new cells responsible for growth repair or replacement. cell division/cell replication formation of new cells or cell replacement. The production of a new individual.
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