Anatomy Definitions

Front 1

Axial

Back 1

Relating to head, neck, and trunk, the axis of the body

Front 2

Appendicular

Back 2

Relating to the limbs and their attachments to the axis

Front 3

Abdominal

Back 3

pertaining to the anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs

Front 4

acromial

Back 4

pertaining to the point of the shoulder

Front 5

antebrachial

Back 5

pertaining to the forearm

Front 6

antecubital

Back 6

pertaining to the anterior surface of the elbow

Front 7

axillary

Back 7

pertaining to the armpit

Front 8

brachial

Back 8

pertaining to the arm (upper)

Front 9

buccal

Back 9

Cheek

Front 10

carpal

Back 10

wrist

Front 11

cervical

Back 11

neck region

Front 12

coxal

Back 12

hip

Front 13

crural

Back 13

leg (not thigh!)

Front 14

digital

Back 14

fingers or toes

Front 15

femoral

Back 15

thigh

Front 16

fibular (peroneal)

Back 16

side of the leg

Front 17

frontal

Back 17

forehead

Front 18

hallux

Back 18

great toe

Front 19

inguinal

Back 19

groin

Front 20

mammary

Back 20

breast

Front 21

mental

Back 21

chin

Front 22

nasal

Back 22

nose

Front 23

oral

Back 23

mouth

Front 24

orbital

Back 24

bony eye socket (orbit)

Front 25

palmar

Back 25

palm of the hand

Front 26

pedal

Back 26

foot

Front 27

pelvic

Back 27

pelvis region

Front 28

pollex

Back 28

thumb

Front 29

pubic

Back 29

genital region

Front 30

sternal

Back 30

region of the breastbone

Front 31

tarsal

Back 31

ankle

Front 32

thoracic

Back 32

chest

Front 33

umbilical

Back 33

navel

Front 34

calcaneal

Back 34

heel of the foot

Front 35

cephalic

Back 35

head

Front 36

dorsum

Back 36

back

Front 37

gluteal

Back 37

buttocks

Front 38

lumbar

Back 38

area of the back between the ribs and hips

Front 39

manus

Back 39

hand

Front 40

occipital

Back 40

back of the head or base of the skull

Front 41

olecranal

Back 41

back view of the elbow

Front 42

otic

Back 42

ear

Front 43

perineal

Back 43

between the anus and external genitalia

Front 44

plantar

Back 44

sole of the foot

Front 45

popliteal

Back 45

back of the knee

Front 46

sacral

Back 46

region between the hips

Front 47

scapular

Back 47

scapula/ shoulder blade area

Front 48

sural

Back 48

calf, back surface of the leg

Front 49

vertebral

Back 49

spinal column

Front 50

superior/ inferior

Back 50

Above/ below
ex: The nose is superior to the mouth.
The abdomen is inferior to the chest.

Front 51

anterior/posterior

Back 51

Front/ Back
ex: In humans, the structures that are most forward. Posterior are the structures in the backside.
-The spine is posterior to the heart.

Front 52

Medial/lateral

Back 52

middle/ far
ex: The sternum is medial to the ribs.
The ear is lateral to the nose.

Front 53

Dorsal/ ventral

Back 53

Backside/ belly side (a.k.a. back/ front)
ex: different for animals!

Front 54

proximal/ distal

Back 54

closer to the trunk/ farther from the trunk or point of attachment

Front 55

superficial/ deep

Back 55

self explantory!

Front 56

sagittal plane

Back 56

A plane that runs longitudinally (up and down) and divides the body into right and left.

Front 57

Frontal plane

Back 57

longitudinal plane that divides the body into front and back

Front 58

transverse (cross section) plane

Back 58

Runs horizontally , divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

Front 59

Integumentary (skin) system

Back 59

epidermal, dermal, cutaneous sense organs and glands
-protects deeper organs from mechanical, chemical, and bacterial injury, and from drying out.
-excretes salts and urea
-aids in regulation of body temperature
-produces vitamin D

Front 60

Skeletal system

Back 60

Bones, cartilages, tendons, ligaments, and joints.
-Body support and protection of internal organs
-provides levers for muscular action
-cavities provide a site for blood cell formation

Front 61

muscular system

Back 61

muscles attached to the skeleton.
-Primary function is to contract or shorten
-locomotion
-grasping and manipulation of the environment, facial expression
-generates heat

Front 62

nervous system

Back 62

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors.
-allows body to detect changes in its internal and external environment and to respond to such info by activating appropriate muscles or glands
-helps maintain homeostasis by rapid transmission of electrical signals

Front 63

endocrine system

Back 63

-pituitary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands; ovaries, testes, and pancreas

-helps maintain body homeostasis, promotes growth and development.
-produces hormones that travel in bld to exert effects on various organs.

Front 64

cardiovascular

Back 64

-heart, bld vessels, and bld
-a transport system that carries bld.
-heart pumps the bld

Front 65

lymphatic/immunity

Back 65

lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils, and scattered collections of lymphoid tissue

-picks up leaked fluid from bld vessels and returns it to bld
-cleanses bld of pathogens and other debris
-houses lymphocytes that act via the immune response to protect the body from foreign substances

Front 66

respiratory

Back 66

nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

-keeps the bld supplied w/ oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
-contribute to acid-base balance

Front 67

digestive

Back 67

-oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, accessory structures (teeth, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas)

-breaks down ingested food to minute particles, which can be absorbed into bld for delivery
-undigested residue removed as feces

Front 68

urinary

Back 68

-kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

-rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes (urea, uric acid, and ammonia), which result from the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids by body cells

-maintains water , electrolyte, and acid-base balance of bld

Front 69

reproductive system

Back 69

-male:testes, prostate gland, scrotum, penis, and duct system, which carries sperm to the body exterior
-provides germ cells (sperm) for perpetuation of the species

Female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, mammary glands, and vagina
-provides germ cells (eggs), the female uterus houses the developing fetus until birth; mammary glands provide nutrition for the infant

Front 70

tuberosity

Back 70

large rounded projection; roughened

ex: on top of the tibia of leg where the head is, the rough thing sticking out

Front 71

crest

Back 71

narrow ridge of bone

ex: on tibia of leg, the sharp edge

Front 72

trochanter

Back 72

ver large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (on femur)

upper corner near head.. diagonally

Front 73

line

Back 73

narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest

ex. intertrochanteric line ( on femur between the trochanters)

Front 74

tubercle

Back 74

small rounded projection or process

ex. on bottom head of femur, the side sticking out

Front 75

epicondyle

Back 75

raised area on or above a condyle

Front 76

spine

Back 76

sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Front 77

process

Back 77

prominence, or projection (sticking out)

Front 78

head

Back 78

bony expanision carried on a narrow neck

Front 79

facet

Back 79

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

ex. rib facets (the flat frontal parts on the ribs)

Front 80

condyle

Back 80

rounded articular projection

Front 81

ramus

Back 81

armlike bar of bone

Front 82

meatus

Back 82

canal-like passageway

Front 83

sinus

Back 83

space within a bone, filled with air and lined w/ mucous membrane

Front 84

fossa

Back 84

shallow, basinlike depression in a bone

Front 85

groove

Back 85

furrow

Front 86

fissure

Back 86

narrow, slit opening

Front 87

foramen

Back 87

round or oval opening through a bone

Front 88

Homeostatic control system

Back 88

1. Stimulus makes unbalance.
2. Receptor notices this change.
3. Input: Info is sent to control center through afferent path
4. Control center.
5. Output: Info sent to effector by efferent path.
6. Response: effector reduces stimulus effect and returns to homeostasis.

Front 89

parietal serosa

Back 89

lines the cavity wall

Front 90

visceral serosa

Back 90

covers the organs