Anatomy - Cranial Nerves, In Depth

Front 1

What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve? just the basics.

What embryologic feature does it supply?

Back 1

V1 = opthalmic.

v2 = maxillary

v3 = mandibular

First branchal arch!

Front 2

What are the branches of V1?

Back 2

MNFL:

Lacrimal:
Frontal:
Nasociliary:
Meningeal:

Front 3

Nasociliary nerve: what are its branches?

Back 3

Ethmoidals (ant/post)

Communicating branch to the ciliary ganglion.

Short ciliary (from ganglion to eye, carrying para/sympa)

Long ciliary (no ganglion, para/sym to the dilator pupilae and iris)

infratroclear

Front 4

Frontal nerve: what are its branches?

Back 4

the supraorbital and supratroclear

Front 5

V2: what are its big branches?

Back 5

pp zip.

pterygopalantine communicating branches (to pterygopalatine ganglion, which is parasympathetic + gives rise to greater/lesser palantines)

zygomatic (which gives rise to zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial...temporal gives para to the lacrimal gland, meets with lacrimal N)

infraorbital N.

Superior/Middle/Inferior Anterior alveolar (sensory to teeth)

Front 6

What reflex can be tested to see if V2 is working?

Back 6

the sneeze reflex - afferents are through the maxillary division, efferents are from the vagus nerve.

Front 7

V3 - mandibular - what muscles does it innervate?

Back 7

MD my TV:

Mastication (masseter, temporalis, lat/med pterygoids), mylohyoid, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani.

Front 8

What are the big main branches of V3?

Back 8

MBLI (emboli)

Muscular.

Buccal

Lingual (general sensation to ant 2/3), sublingual/submandibular glands

Inferior Alveolar (connected to mylohyoid, mental nerve, inferior dental, incisive n, and otic ganglion business to submandibular ganglion)

Front 9

What autonomic ganglions are present in the face?

Back 9

Otic (up in the head, near exit of mandibular branch)

Submandibular

Pterygopalatine

Ciliary

Front 10

Facial Nerve: What embryologic structure does it innervate?

Back 10

The 2nd branchal arch

Front 11

What are the roots of the facial nerve?

Back 11

a motor root and a sensory (nervous intermedius)

Front 12

What's the ganglion the facial nerve first hits?

Back 12

The geniculate ganglion

Front 13

What's the first branch of the facial nerve, what does it carry, where does it go?

Back 13

The greater petrosal nerve - carries preganglionic parasympathetics destined for the pterygoidpalatine ganglion. Meets with DEEP PETROSAL n (carrying post-synaptic sympathetics) to form the vidian nerve.

Front 14

What are some other branches of the facial nerve?

Back 14

Stapedius nerve, the chorda tympani (pre-stylomastoid foramen, it meets the lingual nerve from V3 to go to the submandibular ganglion and also to give taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue)

muscular branches (posterior auricular, posterior digastric, stylohyoid)

Terminal branches (temporal, zygomatic, bucchal, medial mandibular, cervical)

Front 15

what embryologic structure is innervated by the 9th cranial nerve (glossopharnyngeal)?

Back 15

The 3rd branchal arch.

Front 16

What are the major divisions of CN 9?

Back 16

Tympanic N: Forms tympanic plexus and becomes lesser petrosal to the otic ganglion

Carotid Branch: To carotid body (afferents involved in BP/resp)

Stylopharyngeus muscle branch

Pharyngeal branch: forms pharyngeal plexus with the vagus, does afferent of the gag reflex

Tonsilar Branch:

Lingual N: sensory/taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue

Front 17

CN 10: Vagus nerve: What embryologic structures does it innervate? Generally, what muscle groups does it control in the neck/head?

Back 17

CN 4/6.

Controls the muscles of larynx/pharynx.

Front 18

What are symptoms of CN10 lesions?

Back 18

inability to speak, trouble swallowing, no gag/sneeze/cough reflex. uvula deviates to opposite side of lesion during speaking.

Front 19

What are some major branches of the vagus in the neck?

Back 19

1. Pharyngeal branch: all muscles of pharynx

2. Superior laryngeal - splits to internal/external laryngeal nerves. External does the constrictors around the crycoid cartilege and the inferior pharyngeal constrictors.

Recurrent laryngeal

Front 20

Ciliary Ganglion: what supplies it? What fibers come out, and where do they go?

Back 20

Preganglionic parasympathetics from CN3, GSA's from V1, and sympathetics from the carotid plexus all enter the ciliary ganglion.

Shorty ciliary fibers carry to the sphincter pupilae and ciliary muscles (for accomidation)

Front 21

What's the long ciliary nerve, and where does it go?

Back 21

Long ciliary is a branch of the nasociliary (V1) and goes to the DILATOR PUPILAE and muller's muscles. It bypasses the ciliary ganglion.

Front 22

Pterygopalatine Ganglion: What suspends it, what is its main function?

Back 22

Suspended by V2, but gets most of its innervation from the facial nerve VII. Goes to the lacrimal/nasal/palatine glands and is secretomotor

Front 23

What are the roots of the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Back 23

3 roots:

Greater petrosal (para), from facial nerve, meets with the deep petrosal (sympathetic) to form the vidian and go to the ganglion.

Also, there's a pterygopalatine nerve, which is a short connection up from the ganglion to V2 that's suspending the ganglion. It carrys GSA fibers from the nose/palate/pharynx.

Front 24

Submandibular Ganglion: what suspends it, what innervates it, what does it control?

Back 24

Suspended from V3, from the lingual nerve specifically, but mostly innervated by the facial nerve.

3 roots: the chorda tympani (provides parasympathetic innervation from VII),

GSA from the lingual nerve pass through

Sympathetics from the carotid plexus.

Goes on to control the submandibular gland.

Front 25

Otic Ganglion: what nerve does it sit on? What is the major source of parasympathetics, sympathetics, and anything else?

What's its main function?

Back 25

Sits on V3, gets its innervation mainly from CN 9 via the tympanic nerve which becomes the LESSER PETROSAL.

Sympathetics from the middle meningeal.

Also has a motor nerve to the tensor tympani.

It innervates the parotid gland

Front 26

Otic ganglion: what are its outputs?

Back 26

The parotid gland, via the auricotemporal n.

The chorda tympani

The vidian nerve.