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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The spinal cord terminate at
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L1in adults (becomes cauda equina– nerves and meninges) and at L3 in newborns
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The dura mater ends at the level of
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S2
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Hybrid Muscles
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Trapezius, Adductor Magnus, Iliopsoas, Pectinius, Biceps Femoris
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Trapezius innervation
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spinal root accesory nerve 11, and C3 and C4
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Adductor Magnus
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linea aspera- tibial
Adductor tubercle- obturator |
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Iliopsoas
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Iliacus –femoral
Psoas –lumbar plexus |
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Pectineus
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obturator n. and femoral
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Biceps Femoris
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Short head – common peroneal Long head – tibial
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intermembraneous
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not from cartilage
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enchondral
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from cartilage
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Vertebral canal
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spinal cord
meninges CSF Blood Vessels |
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Intervertebral foramen
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Dorsal Root Ganglia
Spinal Roots Vessels |
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transverse foramen
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Vertebral a. (C6 and up)
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Greater sciatic foramen is divided into two parts by the
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piriformis muscle
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Suprapiriformis hiatus
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Super Gluteal vessels
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Infrapiriformis hiatus
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inferior gluteal vessels
int. pudendal artery and vein pudendal n. post. cutaneous n. of the thigh sciatic N. to obturator internus |
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Lesser sciatic foramen
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int. pudendal vessels pudendal n.
obturator w/ tendon |
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obturator foramen
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obturator membrane (covers it)
obturator n. and vessels Acetabular notch acetabular branch of obturator a. through teres l. to supply the femur with blood. |
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femoral ring
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In femoral sheath
• femoral a. and v. • genitofemoral n. • inguinal lymphnodes femoral n. |
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adductor hiatus
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popliteal a. and v. (previously the femoral a. and v.)
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Popliteal fossa
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popliteal a. and v.
tibial n. comm. Peroneal n. genicular a. and v. |
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Cant lift arm above 90o =
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damage to dorsal scapular
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Can lift arm above 90o =
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damage to long thoracic
Often from radical mastectomy |
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No pulse in dorsalis pedis
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can indicate Burger’s disease or diabetes mellitus.
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Synovial fluid can be removed from the
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Bursa
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Diagonal conjugate
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(hand up vagina, touch sacral promontory) can help determine whether or not vaginal delivery will be difficult.
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spinal tap
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through sacral hiatus for childbirth because only anesthetizes up to S2
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Caudal Epidural Anesthesia
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same as lumbar puncture except that something is put IN (drugs) instead of taken out (CSF)
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The greater saphernous vein can be used for
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coronary bypass surgery
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The plantaris m. and /or tendon can be used for
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reconstruction
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Rickets
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is caused by Vit. D and calcium deficiency in children and disturbs the angle of the head of the femur. It is called Osteomalacia in adults.
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Vertebral Basilar Syndrome
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is when while tilting head back compression of vertebral a. leads to fainting.
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Spina Bifida
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(failure of fusion of neural crest/vertebral arches) is caused by Folic Acid deficiency (in mother).
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Disc Herniation
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(nucleus pulposus moves into vertebral foramen or intervertebral foramen) normally occurs poterolaterally and pinches spinal cord or nerves.
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Osteoarthritis of the vertebra
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causes uncovertebral joints to form causing tears/herniation in the disc.
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Osteoporosus
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loss of bone density) can cause hip fractures of the elderly.
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Osgoodschlatter’s disease
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periostitis and sometimes avulsion of tibial tuberosity) is caused by overextension of the Quadriceps femoris.
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A fibular fracture
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can damage the common peroneal n.which causes foot drop/no dorsiflexion (deep peroneal n. – anterior muscles of leg) and no eversion (Superficial peroneal n. – peroneus longus/brevis).
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Waddling Gait/ (+) Trendelerberg Sign
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caused by damage to the superior gluteal n. (gluteus medius/minimus which keep pelvis level).
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Mid-shaft fractures of tibia/fibula
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common in skiers
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