Anatomy Cns To Pns

Front 1

nervous system tissue

Back 1

neurons
neuroglia

Front 2

neurons

Back 2

nerve cells

Front 3

neuroglia

Back 3

aka glial cells support and serve neurons, insulate and allow electricity to jump from gap to gap

Front 4

neuron components

Back 4

axon
dendrite
synapse

Front 5

axon

Back 5

the essential conducting portion of a nerve fiber continuous with the cytoplasm of a nerve cell

Front 6

dendrite

Back 6

G. dendrites, relating to a tree; one of the branching processes of the nerve cell

Front 7

synapse

Back 7

the place where a nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another

Front 8

CNS =

Back 8

brain and spinal cord
-nucleus
-tract
-gray matter
-white matter

Front 9

nucleus:

Back 9

a collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS

Front 10

tract:

Back 10

a bundle of axons in CNS

Front 11

gray matter

Back 11

location of nerve cell bodies

Front 12

white matter

Back 12

location of tracts

Front 13

meninges

Back 13

pl. of menix, membranous covering of brain and spinal cord
-dura mater
-arachnoid
-pia mater

Front 14

dura mater

Back 14

L. hard mother; spinal dura mater unlike cranial dura mater is separated from bones by fat-filled epidural space
-ends at s2

Front 15

arachnoid

Back 15

implies spider web-like, middle layer of meninges, CSF within subarachnoid space btw it and pia
-ends at s2

Front 16

pia mater

Back 16

L. tender mother; firmly adheres to cerebrum and spinal cord

Front 17

spinal cord

Back 17

c1 to L1
lives in vertebral canal
suspended in CSF
surrounded by meninges
-pia
-arachnoid
-dura
delicate

Front 18

3 vertebral canal content features

Back 18

spinal cord ends @ L1+- 1
conus medularis
cauda equina

Front 19

conus medularis

Back 19

inferior cone of spinal cord; L. medulla, marrow

Front 20

cauda equina

Back 20

L2-Co; consists of 20 spinal nerves or 10 pairs + filum terminale

Front 21

blood supply to spinal cord

Back 21

anterior spinal a
posterior spinal a
arteria radicularis magna

Front 22

anterior spinal a

Back 22

off vertebral a; unpaired

Front 23

posterior spinal aa

Back 23

off vertebral a. or posterior inferior cerebellar a. (aka PICA)

Front 24

segmental aa. anastomose with anterior spinal a. enter

Back 24

via intervertebral foramina

Front 25

arteria radicularis magna

Back 25

aka artery of Adamkiewicz: lower thoracic or upper lumbar spinal branch of a segmental artery supplies much of blood to anterior spinal artery; 65% on left side

Front 26

transverse section of spinal cord

Back 26

white matter
gray matter: H shaped
-dorsal horn
-ventral horn

Front 27

dorsal horn

Back 27

for sensory neurons

Front 28

ventral horn

Back 28

control muscles

Front 29

peripheral nerve structure

Back 29

epineurium
perineurium

Front 30

epineurium

Back 30

connective tissue outermost covering of nerve; includes vasa nevorum

Front 31

perineurium

Back 31

connective tissue enclosing each fascicle (a bundle of nerve fibers)

Front 32

ganglion

Back 32

a collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS (compare with nucleus)

Front 33

afferent fibers

Back 33

impulse direction toward the CNS; sensory

Front 34

efferent fibers

Back 34

impulse direction exists the CNS toward effector organs (muscles & glands)

Front 35

peripheral nervous system features

Back 35

cranial nerves
spinal nerves
somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

Front 36

cranial nerves

Back 36

12 nerves (I-XII) exit foramina in cranium

Front 37

spinal nerves

Back 37

31 pairs --> 8c, 12t, 5L, 5s, 1c; exit intervertebral foramina

Front 38

somatic nervous system

Back 38

voluntary; GSE & GSA

Front 39

autonomic nervous system

Back 39

automatic; GVE & GVA; GVE involves a 2 neuron PNS relay

Front 40

spinal nerve

Back 40

rootlets
ventral root
dorsal root
spinal nerve
dermatome
myotome
motor nerve & sensory nerve

Front 41

rootlets

Back 41

elements of root

Front 42

ventral root

Back 42

GSE & GVE

Front 43

dorsal root

Back 43

GSA & GVA

Front 44

spinal nerve

Back 44

aka mixed spinal nerve; forms at level of intervertebral foramen

Front 45

dermatome

Back 45

unilateral skin area innervated by single spinal nerve

Front 46

myotome

Back 46

unilateral muscle mass innervated by a single spinal nerve

Front 47

motor nerve & sensory nerve

Back 47

relative terms referring to the majority of fiber types conveyed by that nerve

Front 48

spinal nerve: 3 branches

Back 48

dorsal ramus
ventral ramus
recurrent meningeal nn

Front 49

dorsal ramus

Back 49

epaxial or instrinsic back mm

Front 50

ventral ramus

Back 50

hypaxial mm; forms plexuses in cervical, lumbar, and sacral regions

Front 51

the ramuses have both, or sensory, or motor

Back 51

both

Front 52

recurrent meningeal nn.

Back 52

2-4; re-enter intervertebral foramen

Front 53

key dermatomes

Back 53

phrenic nerve (c3,4,5) control diaphragm

Front 54

c4

Back 54

clavicle

Front 55

c6

Back 55

thumb

Front 56

c7

Back 56

middle finger

Front 57

c8

Back 57

little finger

Front 58

t4

Back 58

nipple

Front 59

t10

Back 59

navel

Front 60

t12

Back 60

groin

Front 61

below c6:

Back 61

to cough you need to contract intercostals
-suspectible to pneumona because you can't cough

Front 62

ANS

Back 62

visceral efferent
visceral afferent

Front 63

visceral efferent

Back 63

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, & glands

Front 64

visceral afferent

Back 64

sensory

Front 65

visceral efferent: 2 neuron pathway (preganglionic & postganglionic)

Back 65

sympathetic
parasympathetic

Front 66

sympathetic

Back 66

T1-L2 CNS outflow; norepinephrine except sweat glands

Front 67

parasympathetic

Back 67

craniosacral outflow; acetylcholine

Front 68

sympathetic system I

Back 68

innervates both viscera and peripheral regions (glands & smooth muscle)
-thoracolumbar, T1-L2

Front 69

sympathetic system II

Back 69

superior cervical ganglion
stellate ganglion
splanchnic nerves

Front 70

superior cervical ganglion

Back 70

sympathetic relay for head; highest named sympathetic chain ganglion

Front 71

stellate ganglion

Back 71

fusion of T1 ganglion with inferior cervical ganglion

Front 72

splanchnic nerves

Back 72

- so much info

Front 73

sympathetic system II

Back 73

controls vascular smooth muscle; can constrict or dilate depending on the vascular bed

Front 74

gse =

Back 74

general somatic efferons
-for motor, voluntary motor

Front 75

gsa

Back 75

general somatic afferons
-have affinity toward CNS; sensory

Front 76

GVE

Back 76

lateral horn

Front 77

GVA

Back 77

sensory neural fibers for organs

Front 78

parasympathetic system I

Back 78

travels with CN3,7,9,10 and s2-4
4 major ganglia of head (paired)

Front 79

4 major ganglia of head

Back 79

ciliary
pterygopalatine
otic
submandibular

Front 80

parasympathetic system II

Back 80

does not reach body wall or limbs
-constricts pupil and contracts ciliary muscles resulting in accommodation
-promotes secretion
-decreases heart rate
-constricts bronchi
-inhibits internal anal sphincter
-contracts detrusor muscle

Front 81

GVA

Back 81

on sympathetic side mainly for pain

Front 82

GVA on parasympathetic side for

Back 82

chemoreceptors & baroreceptors