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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

4 types of sensory receptors

chemoreceptors




thermoreceptors




mechanoreceptors / proprioceptors




pain receptors / nociceptors

mechanoreceptors / proprioceptors function

sensory receptors specifically designed ti determine changes in tension, length, pressure, and position.

muscle spinde

senses changes in the muscle fiber length at rest





stretch reflex

an immediate reflexive contraction in response to increased tension in the muscle




a proportionate response in force

golgi tendon organs

senses increases in tension at the musculotendonous junction during contractions




it causes very slow reflexive relaxation during increased stress ( about 8 seconds )




over rides the muscle

what happens during a stretch

if the muscle is passively stretched it's muscle tension is increased, so the spindles fire causing the stretch reflex. but the stretch reflex increases tension in the musculotendon junction which stimulates the golgi tendon organs which cause a reflexive relaxation.

ballistic stretching

involves rapid, bouncing type contractions of a prime mover to stretch the antagonist




*no one does this - can lead to injury*

static stretching

involves long-duration (about 8 seconds) passive stretching of a muscle to gain a stretch

hold relax

involves actively contracting a prine mover to relax the antagonist (reciprocal inhibition). The prime mover then holds the position of stretch

contract relax

involves passively moving to a position of stretch




holding for a set period of time (8 sec)




applying a brief isometric contraction of the stretched muscle




and then relaxing into a new position of the stretch





autogenic inhibition

contract relax stretching




it jump starts the golgi tendon

what is the best stretching method




what is the worst stretching method

B: dynamic stretching




W: ballistic stretching

dynamic stretching

stretching movement of elongating and shortening through a range ( does not have to be fast) without a static hold.



- good for strains

what type of stretching yiedls the greatest increases in range of motion?

contract relax

what are pain receptors / nociceptors

sensory receptors specifically designed to determine pain (damaging stimuli or tissue damage)

proteoglycans

a intracellular messenger

pain modulation

think ice




recall the function of an afferent/sensory nerve!

pain modulation:


via signal intensity



*

pain modulation:


via gate control mechanism

*