Anatomy Class Notes

Front 1

diaphysis

Back 1

central shaft of a bone

Front 2

epiphyses

Back 2

two ends of a bone

Front 3

periosteum

Back 3

membrane on the external surface of the bone

Front 4

proximal

Back 4

closer to the trunk or to some major point

Front 5

distal

Back 5

further from the trunk or to some major point

Front 6

alveolar structure

Back 6

Bone sponge in epiphyses

Front 7

Osteoclasts

Back 7

a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue by removing its mineralized matrix and breaking up the organic bone (organic dry weight is 90% collagen). This process is known as bone resorption. Osteoclasts

Front 8

Osteoblasts

Back 8

mononucleate cells that are responsible for bone formation;

Front 9

Osteocytes

Back 9

Living bone cells

Front 10

midsagittal (median) plane

Back 10

divides the body into symmetrical left and right halves

Front 11

frontal (coronal) plane

Back 11

any vertical plane perpendicular to the the median plane, divide the body into anterior and posterior parts

Front 12

transverse (horizontal) plane

Back 12

divides the body into superior and inferior (upper and lower) parts

Front 13

femur

Back 13

“Thigh bone,” the longest and heaviest bone in the human body. Distal end connects to tibia at the knee, proximal end connects to the hip.

Front 14

tibia

Back 14

“Shin bone,” the largest of the two bones in the lower leg. Proximal end connects to femur at knee; distal end connects to talus at ankle. Also connects to the fibula at the head.

Front 15

fibula

Back 15

Smaller of the two bones on the lower leg. Does not bear weight or participate in the knee joint.

Front 16

head (of the femur)

Back 16

smooth spherical surface at proximal end that connects to the acetabelum of the pelvis to form the hip joint

Front 17

lesser trochanter and greater trochanter

Back 17

Features of the proximal end of the femur. Roughened projections for muscle attachment.

Front 18

lateral and medial epicondyles

Back 18

Features of the distal end of the femur. Roughened surfaces for muscle attachment.

Front 19

lateral and medial condyles (of the femur)

Back 19

Smooth surfaces articulating with the proximal tibia.

Front 20

lateral and medial condyles (of the tibia)

Back 20

Features of the proximal end of the tibia that fit against the identically named surfaces of the distal femur.

Front 21

flexion

Back 21

movement in a sagittal plane that takes a part of the body forward from the anatomical position

Front 22

extension

Back 22

movement in a sagittal plane that takes a part of the body backward from the anatomical position

Front 23

adduction

Back 23

movement in a frontal plane that takes a part of the body toward the median plane

Front 24

abduction

Back 24

movement in a frontal plane that takes a part of the body away from median plane