Anatomy Chapter 7C: Facial Bones

Front 1

Mandible (2, fused)

Back 1

U-shaped lower jaw bone formed of 2 bones which fuse during infancy.

Articulates with the temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint.

Contains the mandibular body, mandibular ramus, mandibular condyle, mandibular angle, mental foramen, mandibular foramen, mandibular symphysis, and coronoid process

Front 2

Mandibular Angle

Back 2

Rounded right-angle portion of the mandible posterior to the chin, inferior to the ear. Where the ramus meets the mandibular body.

Front 3

Mandibular Body

Back 3

The "chin" portion of the mandible. Horizontal structure.

Front 4

Mandibular Ramus

Back 4

Vertical extension on either side of the mandibular body, anterior to the ears.

Front 5

Mandibular Notch

Back 5

U-shaped space separating the coronoid process and mandibular condyle.

Front 6

Coronoid Process

Back 6

Jutting anterior portion of the ramus anterior to the temporomandibular joint.

Front 7

Temporomandibular Joint

Back 7

Hinge-link joint where the mandibular condyle of the mandible meets with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.

Front 8

Mandibular Condyle

Back 8

Jutting posterior process of the ramus which serves as the articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.

Front 9

Mandibular Symphysis

Back 9

Slight depression in the "chin" indicating where the two mandibular bones fused during infancy

Front 10

Mandibular Foramen

Back 10

Large triangular hole in the medial surface of each ramus through which the mandibular branch of cranial nerve V passes.

Front 11

Mental Foramen

Back 11

Opening in the lateral aspect of the mandibular body, one on each side of the point of the chin.

Front 12

Maxillary Bones/Maxillae (2)

Back 12

Two bones fused in a median suture which form the upper jawbone and part of the orbits.

Articulates with ALL facial bones, EXCEPT the mandible.

Contains the anterior nasal spine, palatine processes, incisive fossa, frontal processes, maxillary sinuses, zygomatic processes, inferior orbital fissures, and infraorbital foramena

Front 13

Anterior Nasal Spine

Back 13

Pointed region at the junction of the maxillae, just inferior to the nose.

Front 14

Palatine Processes

Back 14

Processes of the maxillae which project posteriorly from the alveolar margins and fuse medially to form the anterior 2/3 of the hard palate.

Front 15

Incisive Fossa

Back 15

Large, medial (SINGULAR) bilateral opening located posterior to the central incisor teeth of the maxilla and piercing the hard palate. Hole between the two maxillae in the roof of the mouth.

Front 16

Frontal Processes

Back 16

Large, curving processes which extend superiorly from the maxillae to the frontal bone, forming part of the lateral aspects of the bridge of the nose.

Front 17

Maxillary Sinuses

Back 17

Largest of the paranasal sinuses. Flank the nasal cavity laterally, within the maxillae.

Front 18

Zygomatic Processes

Back 18

Articulation point of the maxillae and the zygomatic bones. Lateral to the nose.

Front 19

Inferior Orbital Fissure

Back 19

Branched opening between the maxilla, zygomatic bone, and sphenoid bone visible when looking into the orbit anteriorly.

Front 20

Infraorbital Foramen

Back 20

Small oval hole in the maxilla just inferior to each orbit.

Front 21

Zygomatic Bones (2)

Back 21

Irregularly shaped bones commonly referred to as the "cheek bones." Situated lateral to the maxilla. Form part of the lateral orbit.

Articulates with the zygomatic processes of temporal bone posteriorly, the frontal bone superiorly, and the maxilla anteriorly.

Front 22

Nasal Bones (2)

Back 22

Thin, rectangular bones forming the bridge of the nose. Fused medially.

Articulate with the frontal bone superiorly, the maxillary bones laterally, and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone posteriorly. Inferiorly, they attach to the cartilages which form most of the skeleton of the external nose.

Front 23

Lacrimal Bones (2)

Back 23

Fingernail-sized bones forming a part of the medial orbit walls between the maxilla and the ethmoid.

Articulate with the frontal bone superiorly, the ethmoid bone posteriorly, and the maxillae anteriorly.

Contains the lacrimal fossa.

Front 24

Lacrimal Fossa

Back 24

Opening piercing each lacrimal bone.

Front 25

Palatine Bones (2)

Back 25

Paired bones posterior to the palatine processes. Form the posterior hard palate and part of the orbit.

Articulate with the vomer, sphenoid bone, and the maxillae.

Contains the orbital process, perpendicular plate, sphenoidal process, horizontal plate, and pyramidal process.

Front 26

Horizontal Plate (palatine)

Back 26

Complete the posterior portion of the hard palate. Horizontal aspect of the palatine bones.

Front 27

Perpendicular/Vertical Plates (palatine)

Back 27

Superiorly projecting plates of the palatine bones which form part of the posterolateral walls of the nasal cavity and a small part of the orbits.

Front 28

Orbital Process

Back 28

Irregularly shaped process on the inferior end of the perpendicular plate of the palatine bones. Forms part of the orbit.

Front 29

Sphenoidal Process

Back 29

Inward jutting processes on the palatine bones which serve as an articulation surface for the sphenoid bone.

Front 30

Pyramidal Process

Back 30

Somewhat conical processes located lateral to the horizontal plate of the palatine bones.

Front 31

Vomer (1)

Back 31

Slender, plow-shaped bone in the nasal cavity which forms the inferior part of the nasal septum.

Articulates with the sphenoid bone, palatine bones, maxillae, and ethmoid bone.

Front 32

Inferior Nasal Conchae (2)

Back 32

Thin, curved bones protruding medially from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity, just inferior to the middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone. Largest of the three pairs of conchae. From part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.

Appear as flanking projections in the bottom corners of the triangle of the nose.

Articulate with the maxilla and ethmoid bone superiorly

Front 33

Orbits

Back 33

Bony cavities in which the eyes are firmly encased.

Made up of the frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, and ethmoid bones.

Front 34

Nasal Cavity

Back 34

Cavity constructed of bone and hyaline cartilage.

The roof is formed by the cribriform plate of the ethmoid.

The lateral walls are largely shaped by the superior and middle conchae of the ethmoid bone, the perpendicular plates of the palatine bones, and the inferior nasal conchae.

The floor is made up of the palatine processes of the maxillae and the palatine bones.

Front 35

Nasal Septum

Back 35

Divides the nasal cavity into right and left parts.

Contains the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer.

Front 36

Hard Palate

Back 36

Bony roof of mouth.

Formed from the maxillae and the palatine bones.

Front 37

Hyoid

Back 37

U-shaped bone with no articulations located in the throat above the larynx. Serves as a point of attachment for many tongue and neck muscles.

Contains the greater horns, lesser horns, and body.

Front 38

Greater Horns

Back 38

Large processes extending from the hyoid body which resemble the horns of a bull.

Front 39

Lesser Horns

Back 39

Small processes extending from the body of the hyoid, resembling the ears on a bull's head.

Front 40

Hyoid Body

Back 40

Central potion of the hyoid, the top of the "bull's head."

Front 41

Paranasal Sinuses

Back 41

The muchosa-lined air-filled sinuses of the skull, flanking the nasal cavity.

Exist in PAIRS in 5 skull bones: frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillae (2) (Frontal sinuses, ethmoid sinuses, sphenoid sinuses, maxillary sinuses)

Front 42

Roof of Orbit (name parts)

Back 42

Lesser wing of sphenoid bone, orbital plate of frontal bone

Front 43

Lateral Wall of Orbit (name parts)

Back 43

Zygomatic process of frontal bone, greater wing of the sphenoid bone, orbital surface of the zygomatic bone.

Front 44

Medial Wall of the Orbit (name parts)

Back 44

Sphenoid body, orbital plate of the ethmoid bone, frontal process of the maxilla, lacrimal bone

Front 45

Floor of the Orbit (name parts)

Back 45

Orbital process of the palatine bone, orbital surface of the maxillary bone, zygomatic bone.

Front 46

Superior, Middle, and Inferior Meatus

Back 46

In a sagittal section of the skull, three visible "floors" formed by the maxilla, inferior nasal concha, and the middle nasal concha of the ethmoid bone.