Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what does the integumentary system include?
|
skin and accessory structures like hair, nails and glands, also blood vessels and muscles/nerves
|
|
|
what can the integument be also called bc it covers the outer surface of the body
|
cutaneous membrane
|
|
|
characteristics of integument
|
- largest organ by surface area and weight
- lose a kg of skin epithelium a year which becomes dust |
|
|
what do skin contribute to?
|
- regulation of body temp?
- sensory perceptions - vitamin D - emotional expression - also important reservoir of blood |
|
|
what is the outer skin called and what does it consists of?
|
- thin and is the epidermis (stratified sqamous) and has epithelial tissue
|
|
|
what is the inner skin and what does it consist of?
|
- thick and called dermis, consists of CT
|
|
|
what is located underneath the dermis?
|
subcutaneous layer
|
|
|
what is in a subQ?
|
loose areolar/adipose CT, attaches to skin to underlying tissue and organs
top dermis: loose areolar bottom dermis: dense irregular |
|
|
who treat disorders of all layers of integumentary system?
|
dermatologists
|
|
|
what does the epidermis composed of?
|
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
|
|
|
what four types of major cells do the epidermis have?
|
- keratinocytes (skin)
- melanocytes - langerhan cells - merkel cells |
|
|
what is keratin?
|
a tough fibrous protein that provides protection
|
|
|
characteristic of melanocytes
|
- produce pigment melanin that protects against damage by UV radiation
|
|
|
what are langerhans cells?
|
macrophages that involved in immune responses
|
|
|
what do merkel cells do?
|
function in the sensation of touch along with the other adjacent tactile discs (receptors)
|
|
|
what is the stratum basale?
|
stratum germinativum is always bottom deepest layer
- continuous cell division occurs and produces all the other layers |
|
|
how many layer is the stratum spinosum?
|
8-10 layers of keratinocytes
|
|
|
what is the stratum granulosum?
|
non-dividing cells of the 3rd layer and is filled with granules of keratin
|
|
|
what is the stratum lucid?
|
4th layer but is only present in thick skin like soles and fingertips
|
|
|
what is the stratum corneum?
|
always outmost, composted of 20 layers of flat cell-remnants that are like "bags of turtle wax" (dead keratinocytes with no cell organelle with only keratin protein)
- always shed |
|
|
what is keratinization?
|
process of replacing viable cells in stratum basal with more of waxy keratin protein as cells move from deepest layer to the surface layer
|
|
|
what can constant friction process and produce?
|
callus
|
|
|
what is dandruff?
|
excess of keratinized cells shed from the scalp
|
|
|
what is the difference from thin and thick skin?
|
think covers all body regions except palms and soles etc.
- thick covers palms, digits, and soles |
|
|
melanin is produced by...
|
melanocytes in the stratum basal
|
|
|
freckles are...
|
clusters of concentrated melanin triggered by exposure to sunlight
|
|
|
what are nevi?
|
birthmarks - chronic lesions of skin - benign
- malignant melanoma is cancer of melanocytes |
|
|
what is vitiligo?
|
chronic disorder causes depigmentation patches in skin
|
|
|
what does the papillary region and what consists in it?
|
lies below the epidermis and has areolar CT containing thin collagen and elastic fibers, dermal papillae, tactile corpuscles of touch and nerve endings.
|
|
|
what is the papillary region and what consists in it?
|
lower, consists of dense irregular CT with collagen and elastic fibers, adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous glands, and sudoriferous glands.
|
|
|
what does the subQ also contain?
|
lamellated corpuscles that detect external pressure applied to skin
|
|
|
parts of the hair?
|
- shaft
- follicle - root that penetrates into dermis |
|
|
hair color is determined by amount and type of ____
|
melanin
|
|
|
what is eccrine sweat glands?
|
secrete watery solution that helps cool body and eliminates small amt of wastes
|
|
|
what is apocrine sweat glands?
|
mainly in skin of axilla, groin, areolae, and bearded facial regions of adult males- smelly odor
|
|
|
what are ceruminous glands?
|
modified sweat glands located in ear canal, produces waxy secretion called cerumen, ear wax
|
|
|
epidermal wound healing
|
occurs following superficial wounds that affect only epidermis
- return to normal function |
|
|
deep wound healing
|
occurs when an injury extends to dermis and subcutaneous layer
- loss of some function and development of scar tissue |
|
|
EPIDERMAL WOUND HEALING
- Abrasions, superficial epidermal cells - Scrapes, minor burns (first degree) - 1. Basal cells make contact with basement membrane - 2. Cells migrate across wound - 3. Proliferation until contact inhibition - 4. Building of new strata - thickening of epidermis - REFER TO PAGE 169 |
DEEP WOUND HEALING
• Injury to dermis/subQ layer – LOSS OF FUNCTION • 4 phases 1. Inflammatory: vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels. Phagocytosis. Fibroblast development. 2. Migratory: clot becomes scab. Epithelial cells migrate to bridge would (granulation tissue) 3. Proliferative: extensive growth of epithelial cells, deposition of collagen fibers 4. Maturation: scab sloughs off, fibroblasts decrease in number, blood vessels return to normal • Scar tissue formation = fibrosis |
|
|
epidermis develops from the ____
|
ectoderm
|
|
|
dermis develops from the ____
|
mesoderm
|
|
|
aging...
|
wrinkles, dehydration/cracking, sweat production, gray hairs, subcutaneous fat loss, nails are brittle
|
|
|
with aging you can get..
|
bed sores or ulcer on heels
|
