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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
types of tissues
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epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
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where is epitheial tissue found?
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all free body surfaces; lining, covering, and glandular tissue of the body
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functions of epithelial tissue
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protection: skin
absorbtion: digestive track secretion: endocrine system filtration: urinary system; kidneys |
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characteristics of epithelium
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fit closely together to form continuous sheets
have one free surface or edge rest on basement membranes avascular: have no blood supply of their own regenerate easily |
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classification of epithelium
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1st name: # of layers
2nd name: type |
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simple epithelium
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one layer
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stratified epithelium
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multiple layers
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basal layer
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basement, bottom layer
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simple epithelia are concerned with 3 functions:
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absorbtion, secretion, filtration
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simple squamous epithelium
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simgle layer, thin squamous cells
--forms membranes, lines capilaries --found in lungs, walls of capilaries--> to produce greater absorbtion levels |
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simple cuboidal epithelium
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one layer
--found in glands and ducts --secretion, filtration --kidney tubules, ovary covering |
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simple columnar epithelium
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one layer, tall cells
fit closely together goblet cells: produce mucus --line the digestive track |
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pseudostratified columnar epithelium
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--rests on basement membrane. varied cell sizes
--absorbtion and secretion --looks like there are two layers, really only one layer --ciliated-- respiratory tract |
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stratified squamous epithelium
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several layers
found on sites with a lot of friction--> skin, mouth, esophagus, flattened cells |
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stratified cubiodal and stratified columnar
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rare
found in the ducts of large glands |
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transitional epithelium
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lining of bladder, ureters, urethra
many layered shape depends on the amount of stretching |
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glandular epithelium
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funcion: to secrete
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endocrine gald:
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secrete directly to the blood vessels
--pituitary |
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exocrine:
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secretions empty through ducts
--sweat, oil glands |
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Connective tissue
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bone, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, blood
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connective tissue is involved in
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protecting, supporting, and building together
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extracellular matrix
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non living material that surrounds the connective tissue
--mostly water and fibers that have been secreted by cells |
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fibers of the matrix of the connective tissue
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collagen: high tensile strength
elastic: strechy, recoils reticular: fine, form soft organs |
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purpose of matrix:
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protection
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Bone
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hard matrix: calcium salts, collagen fibers
used to protect and suport circular looking |
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Cartilage
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flexible, found in a few places
elastic- returns to origional shape |
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hyaline cartilage
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fetus are made of this--> most common cartilage
rubbery matrix--> collagen fibers |
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dense connective tissue
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matrix: collagen fibers, fibroblasts
--forms strong, ropelike structures --forms tendons and ligaments --tendons (attach muscles to bones) --ligaments (attach bones to bones at joints) --strong material |
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areolar tissue
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acts like a sponge
distributed everywhere contain all fibers soaks up excess fluid |
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adipose tissue
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matrix: areolar tisse -- fat globules dominated
serves as a site of fat storage |
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reticular connective tissue
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delicate interwoven fibers
form internal framework lymphatic organs are made of this |
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blood
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matrix: fluid (blood plasma)--water and dissolved solutes
transport vehicle for mateials fibers only visible during clotting |
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muscle tissue
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used to contract
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skeletal muscle
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function: voluntary movement control
location: everywhere cells: long, striated, multi-nucleus, run parallel to one another |
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cardiac muscle
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function: pumps blood as it contracts
location: heart cells: striated, short, close together, gap junctions, involuntary control, single nucleus, intercalated disks |
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smooth muscle
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function: contract and dialtate to move substances down the directed pathway , involuntary
location: found in walls of hollow organs cells: not striped, single nucleus |
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nervous tissue:
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major functions: irratability and conductivity
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supporting cells
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surrounding tissue of neurons
function: insulate, support, protect the neurons |
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tissue repair
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connective and epithelial--> regenerate easily
nervous and muscle--> do not regenerate easily |
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regeneration:
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replacement of material with the same type of cells
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fibrosis
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formation of scar tissue (dense connective tissue)
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after tissue injury
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capilaries become permeable-->area is walled off
granulation tissue forms--> delicate, pink, made of new capilaries surface epithelium forms-- scab detaches, scar forms |