Anatomy Chapter 27 Part 1

Front 1

division of cell that produces two identical daughter cells

Back 1

mitosis

Front 2

cell division that produces gametes- contain one half chromosome of original cell

Back 2

meiosis

Front 3

production of spermatozoon or sperm from spermatogonium to permatozoon

Back 3

spermatogenesis

Front 4

process of spermatid developing into a spermatozoon; nurse cells/ sustentacular cells must be present

Back 4

spermiogenesis

Front 5

spermatozoon loses its attachment to nurse/ sustentacular cell and enters lumen of seminiferous tubules

Back 5

spermiation

Front 6

activation process that occurs before a sperm can fertilize an egg

1. sperm becomes motile when mixed with secretions of seminal vesicle
2. successful penertration of egg when exposed to the conditions inside the vagina (sperm cell membrane changes)

Back 6

capacitation

Front 7

engorgement of the erectile tissue in the corpus cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
- controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system

Back 7

erection

Front 8

mixing of the components of the seminal fluid
- controlled by sympathetic nervous system

Back 8

emission

Front 9

ejection of semen from penis resulting from contrations of bulbocavernosus and ischiocavernosus muscles
- controlled by somatic nervous system

Back 9

ejaculation

Front 10

what are the functions of the male reproduction system? (2)

Back 10

1. produces gametes (sperm)
2. produces sex hormones

Front 11

what is the male reproductive organ (gonad)

Back 11

testis

Front 12

what is the male reproductive tract?

Back 12

epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct and urethra

Front 13

what are the male accessory glands and organs that secrete into ducts?

Back 13

seminal vesicle and prostate gland

Front 14

what are the 2 parts to the male external genitalia (perineal structures)

Back 14

scrotum and penis

Front 15

found in the scrotum
- first develop inside abdominal cavity near kidney
- move inferiorly and anteriorly
- move through anterior abdominal musculature

Back 15

testes

Front 16

each testis is in a separate compartment called...

Back 16

scrotal cavity

Front 17

what is the name of the serous membrane that lines the scrotal cavity and covers the testes

Back 17

tunica vaginalis

Front 18

smooth muscle of the scrotum that causes wrinkling of skin

Back 18

dartos muscle

Front 19

skeletal muscle that moves the testis toward or away from the body as needed ( cremasteric reflex)

Back 19

cremaster muscle

Front 20

what is the dense fibrous layer of the testis called?
-- covered by serous tunica vaginalis

Back 20

tunica albuginea

Front 21

testis is divided into lobules by what?

Back 21

septa

Front 22

consists of layers of fascia, tough connective tissue, muscles enclosing the blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics supplying the tests
-starts at testis and continues into abdominopelvic cavity
- contains:
...ductus deferens
...testicular artery and vein
...nerves
...pampiniform plexus of veins

Back 22

spermatic cord

Front 23

where does sperm production take place?

Back 23

seminiferous tubules

Front 24

what do seminiferous tubules connect to?

Back 24

straight tubule

Front 25

what does the straight tubule connect to in mediastinum?

Back 25

rete testis

Front 26

what does the rete testis connect to by means of the efferent ducts?

Back 26

epididymis

Front 27

spaces with seminiferous tubules contain blood vessels and interstitial cells that secrete the male sex hormone...

Back 27

testosterone

Front 28

this hormone stimulates spermatogenesis
- promotes maturation of spermatozoa
- maintains accessory organs
-aids in development of secondary sexual characteristics
-stimulates body growth
- stiulates sexual behavior

Back 28

testosterone

Front 29

formed in embryonic period and are dormant until sexual maturity

Back 29

spermatogonia

Front 30

type of spermatogonia which undergoes meiosis

two cell divisions which produce gametes which has half the number of chromosomes
- each has 23 pairs of chromosomes

Back 30

primary spermatocyte

Front 31

what does the 1st division of meiosis of spermatogonia produce?

Back 31

secondary spermatocyte

Front 32

what do 2nd division of secondary spermatocyte produce?

Back 32

spermatids

Front 33

how many spermatids will be produced from 1 primary spermatocyte?

Back 33

4

Front 34

how many sets of 23 chrmosomes doe each spermatid have?

Back 34

1

Front 35

development of a spermatid into a spermatozoon or sperm

Back 35

soermiogenesis

Front 36

these cells support spermatogenesis, spermiogenesis, and maintain blood testis barrier- maintain stable environment for spermatocytes and spermatids

Back 36

nurse cells. sustenacular cells

Front 37

what part of spermatozoon contains chromosomes?

Back 37

head

Front 38

part of spermatozoon that plays important role on fertilization

Back 38

acrosomal cap

Front 39

part of spermatozoon that has a flagellum which moves it from place to place

Back 39

tail

Front 40

part of reproductive tract-
- has head, body, tail
- monitors and adjusts composition of fluid
- gets rid of damaged spermatozoa
- stores spermatozoa- mainly in tail
- facilitates spermatozoa maturity- (takes about 2 weeks)
- spermatozoa leave it immobile

Back 40

epididymis

Front 41

part of reproductive tract-
- extend from epididymis to the pelvic cavity
- expanded portion in pelvis near urinarry bladder is ampulla
- transports and stores spermatozoa
- joins with duct from seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct

Back 41

ductus deferens- vas deferens

Front 42

this is an accessory gland
- tubular gland on posterior aspect of urinary bladder
-active secretory gland
- contributes about 60% of the volume of semen
- secretions cause spermatozoa to become mobile

Back 42

seminal vesicle

Front 43

- accessory gland
- encircles urethra as it leaves bladder
- produces 20-30% of semen
- empties into the prostatic urethra

Back 43

prostate gland

Front 44

this accessory organ is located at base of penis
- secretion helps to neutralize substances left in urethra after urination
- secretion lubricates tip of penis
- empties into the penile urethra

Back 44

bulbourethral gland

Front 45

accessory organ that extends from urinary bladder to tip of penis
-composed of
...prostatic portion
...membranous portion
...penile urethra

Back 45

male urethra

Front 46

part of male urethra that passes through prostate gland

Back 46

prostatic portion

Front 47

part of urethra that passes through urogenital diaphragm

Back 47

membranous portion

Front 48

part of urethra that ends at external urethral meatus

Back 48

penile urethra

Front 49

contains urethra and conducts urine and semen

Back 49

penis

Front 50

fixes penis to rami of ischium

Back 50

root

Front 51

contains erectile tissue -- three cylindrical columns
- 2 dimensional maze of vascular channels with elastic tissue and smooth muscle

Back 51

body/ shaft

Front 52

what happens when arterial muscles relax (under parasympathetic control)

Back 52

erection

Front 53

two columns of erectile tissue with a central artery

Back 53

corpora cavernosa

Front 54

single column of erectile tissue which form the glans penis at its distal end
- contains penile urethra
- forskin coverts tip of penis and surrounds external urethral meatus

Back 54

corpus spongiusum

Front 55

contains spermatozoa, seminal fluid, and enzymes

Back 55

semen

Front 56

this follows erection
- peristaltic waves along ducts and glands mix their secretion
- under sympathetic control

Back 56

emission

Front 57

starts with contraction of ischiocavernosus ( compresses erectile tissue) and bulbospongiosus ( causes ejection of semen) muscles

Back 57

ejaculation