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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the following are the 3 parts of what theory?
1. structural building blocks of all plants and animals 2. produced by division of preexisting cells 3. smallest structural units that perform vital functions |
cell theory Schleiden and Schwann 1839
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what are the 2 types of cells
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sex cells and somatic cells
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cells float in a watery medium called.......
it is high in Na+ ions |
extracellular fluid
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the exterior of the cell is surrounded by this
- thin and delicate - composed of phospholipids, proteins, glycolipids, and cholesterol - phospholipid bilayer |
cell membrane
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this separates the extracellular fluid from the cell contents
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cytoplasm
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the following are functions of what organelle?
-controls entry and exit of substances (permeability) .... passive and active transport |
cell membrane
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this type of passive process is the movement from high concentration to low concentration
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diffusion
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this type of passive process is the diffusion of water
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osmosis
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this type of passive process is solutes/ dissolved nutrients by hydrostatic force cross the membrane with water
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filtration
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this type of passive process is when special carrier proteins transport large molecules
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facilitated diffusion
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this type of transport required energy and may have carrier mechanism pumps
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active transport process
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packaging of extracellular materials into a vesicle for transportation into the cell.... requires energy
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endocytosis
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cell drinking
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pinocytosis
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cell eating
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phagocytosis
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this type of transport occurs when specific molecules are brought in the cytosol
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receptor mediated endocytosis
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intracellular materials transported out of cell into extracellular fluid
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exocytosis
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this is the intracellular fluid
- high in potassium -high in proteins - low in carbs - high in amino acids -high in lipids --inclusion bodies |
cytosol
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this is the term for organelles being in actual contact with the cytosol
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non-membranous
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this gives a cell strength and flexibility and is non membranous ... composed of 4 things
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cytoskeleton
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what 4 things make up the cytoskeleton?
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1. microfilaments
2. microtubules 3. intermediate filaments 4. thick filaments |
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this part of the cytoskeleton is mainly actin, anchors to the cell membrane, forms dense network with cell membrane, and can cause movement of cell when interaction with myosin
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microfilaments
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this part of the cytoskeleton is made up of hollow tubes that give strength and rigidity to the cell. Thto organelle to give it structure ey are responsible for changing the shape of cell and can attach
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microtubule
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this part of the cytoskeleton provides strength and stabilizes position of organelles
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intermediate filaments
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this part of the cytoskeleton is the myosin
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thick filaments
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this is a non-membranous organelle that has small finger like projections on cell membrane that...
- increase surface area - involved in active absorption - microfilaments inside anchor them to dense network |
microvilli
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this is made up of microtubules and is important in cell division
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centriole
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this is made up of microtubules and is a 9+2 array that beat or sway to move secretions or fluid
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cilia
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this is made up of microtubules and resemble cilia, but larger
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flagellum
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this is a non-membranous organelle that is small dense granules that contain mainly RNA
- manufacture proteins -either free or fixed (attached to ER) |
ribosomes
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this is a term that means "has a membrane that isolates contents from cytosol and allows organelles to manufacture or store secretions"
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membranous
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this organelle has double memrane and inner folds called cristae
- produces most of energy to keep cell alive - number of this organelle depends on the cell's energy demands |
mitochondria
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this organelle is the control center of cell operations
- determines structural and functional characteristics by controlling what proteins are synthesized - direct processes done in cytosol |
nucleus
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this is connected to rough ER and encloses the nucleus
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nuclear envelope/ membrane
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content of nucleus
- contains chromosomes- DNA- 23 pair |
nucleoplasm
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nuclear organelles that synthesize RNA
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nucleulos
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network of intracellular membranes that form flat sheets and round chambers called cisternae
- synthesis of carbs, lipids, and proteins -storage of synthesized molecules -transport of molecules |
ER
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this ER has ribosomes for transport
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rough ER
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this ER is responsible for synthesis of lipids and carbs (no ribosomes)
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smooth ER
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this organelle is a series of membranous plates- cisternae that give rise to lysosomes and secretory vesicles
- synthesis and packages secretions - packages special enzymes |
Golgi Apparatus
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package secretions of rough ER are carried by this to Golgi
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transport vesicles
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these are formed by Gogli and fuse cell membrane to discharge their contents into extracellular fluid
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secretory vesicles
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vesicles from Golgi apparatus that remain in cell's cytoplasm
a) removes bacteria and organic debris from cytoplasm and isolate it into b) contains digestive enzymes c) releases nutrient components into cytosol and expels waste by exocytosis |
lysosomes
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block passage of water and other substances between cells
a. also called zonula occludens |
tight junctions
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adhering type junction that occurs as a sheet between cells
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zonula adherens
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strong junctions which resist stretching and twisting
aka desmosome-- like a spot weld between cells |
macula adherens
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allows for passage of small molecules
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gap junctions
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