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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is anatomy?
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The study of the structure of the body parts and their relationship to one another
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What are the three "areas" of anatomy?
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1. Gross or macroscopic
2. Microscopic 3. Developmental |
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What is physiology?
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The study of the function of the body's structural machinery
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What are the three areas of gross anatomy and briefly explain each
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1. Regional - all structure in 1 part of they body
2. Systemic - studied by the system 3. Surface - internal structure as they relat to the skin |
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What are the two areas of microscopic anatomy?
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1. cyctology - cells
2. histolgy - tissue |
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What is developmental anatomy?
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Structural changes through life: embryology - the body before birth
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Name 3 speacialized branches of anatomy
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1. Pathological - changes by diseases
2. Radiographic - xrays, etc 3. Molecular - subcellular level |
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If you are studying the operation of the renal system, you are studying what?
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kidney function
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What is neurophysiology?
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study of the nervous system
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What is the study of the cardiovascular system?
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operation of the heart and blood vessels
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In physiology, physics help to explain what?
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1. electrical currents
2. blood pressure 3. the way muscle uses bone for movement |
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What is the idea of "complementarity"?
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Function always reflects structure
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List the structural organization of the body
See Slide 11 |
1. chemical
2. cellular 3. tissue 4. organ 5. organ system 6. organismal |
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What is the integumentary system composed of?
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skin, sweat, glands, hair, nails (external body covering)
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What is the purpose of the integumentary system?
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to protect deep tissues from injury
synthesized vitamin D |
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What is the skeletal system composed of?
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bone, cartilage, ligaments
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What is the function of the skeletal system?
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protecs and supports organs, provides framework for muscles
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Where is the site of blood cell formation?
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skeletal system
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What is the muscular system composed of?
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muscle, tendons
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What helps us to maintain posture and also produces heat?
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muscular system
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What is the nervous systems composed of?
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brain, spinal column and nerves
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When the nervous system responds to stimuli, what does it do?
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activates muscles and glands
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What is the cardiovascular system composed of ?
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heart, blood vessels
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What is the lymphatic system composed of?
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red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels
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What is the function of the lymphatic system?
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picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels AND disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream (also housed white blood cells)
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What is the respiratory system composed of ?
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nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
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What is the function of the respiratory system?
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keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes CO2
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What is the digestive system composed of?
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oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, sm intestine, lrg intestine, rectum, anus, liver
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What is the urinary system composed of?
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kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
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What does the male reproductive system compose of?
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prostate gland, penis, testes, scrotum, ductus deferens
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What is the femal reproductive system composed of?
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mammary glands, ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
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Picture of "organ system interrelationships"
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Picture of "organ system interrelationships"
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How do our bodies keep "separate" internal and external environments at both the CELLULAR and ORGANISMAL level?
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cellular - plasma membranes
organismal - skin |
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List several "necessary" life functions
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responsiveness, digestions, metabolism, excretion, movement, reproduction, growth
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List 5 things our body needs to survive
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nutrients, oxygen, water, normal body temp, atmospheric pressure
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What is homeostasis?
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maintaining a stable internal environment
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List the three interdependen components of the homeostatic control mechanism
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1. receptor: monitors and responds to changes
2. control center: determines point the variable is maintained 3. effector: means to respond to stimuli |
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Diagram of "negative feedback" (i.e regulation of room temp)
See Slide 46 |
Diagram of "negative feedback" (i.e regulation of room temp)
See Slide 46 |
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What happens in a "positive feedback" system?
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the output enchances or exaggerates the original stimulus
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Illustration of a "positive feedback" system (i.e. blood clotting)
See Slide 59 |
Illustration of a "positive feedback" system (i.e. blood clotting)
See Slide 59 |
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What is homeostatic imbalance?
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a disturbance of homeostasis or disturbance in the body's normal equilibrium
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What is the anatomicaly correct position
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body erect
feet apart palms facing forward thumbs away from body |
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Directional term: superior?
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Toward the head-end - upper part of the body
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D
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Directional term: inferior?
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Away from the head-end - lower part of the body
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Directional term: anterior?
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toward or at front of the body
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Directional term: posterior?
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toward or at the back of the body
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Directional term: medial?
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middle - midline of the body
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Directional term: lateral?
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AWAY from the midline of the body
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Directional term: intermediate?
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between a more medial and lateral structure
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Directional term: proximal?
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CLOSER TO the origin of the body part (i.e the elbow is proximal to the wrist)
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Directional term: distal?
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FARTHER FROM the origin of the body (i.e the knee is distal to the thigh)
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Directional term: superficial?
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toward or at the body surface (i.e skin is superfical to the skeletal muscle)
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Directional term: deep?
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away from the body surface (i.e lungs are deep to the skin)
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nose
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nasal
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mouth
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oral
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neck
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cervical
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shoulder point
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acromial
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armpit
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axillary
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abdomen
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abdominal
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arm
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brachial
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front elbow
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antecubital
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forearm
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antebrachial
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pelvis
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pelvic
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wrist
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carpal
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thumb
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pollex
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palm
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palmar
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fingers
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digital
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genital region
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pubic
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anterior knee
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patellar
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leg
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crural
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ankle
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tarsal
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toes
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digital
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foot
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pedal
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forehead
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frontal
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eye
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orbital
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cheek
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buccal
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chin
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mental
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breastbone
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sternal
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chest
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thoracic
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breast
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mammary
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navel
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umbilical
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hip
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coxal
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groin
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inguinal
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thigh
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femoral
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side of leg
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fibular
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big toe
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hallux
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head
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cephalic
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hand
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manus
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ear
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otic
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base of skull
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occipital
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spinal column
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vertebral
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shoulder blade
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scapular
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arm
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brachial
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back
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dorsal
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loin
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lumbar
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between hips
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sacral
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between anus and genital
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perineal
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thigh
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femoral
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back of knee
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popliteal
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calf
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sural
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heel
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calcaneal
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sole
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plantar
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Body plane: sagittal?
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divides body into left and right parts
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Body plane: midsagittal (medial)?
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the midline of the sagittal (litteral, the middle section of the body cut directly in half)
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Body plane: frontal (coronal)?
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divides body into front and back
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Body plane: transverse(horizontal)
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divides body into upper half (head, chest) and lower half (abdomen, legs)
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Body planes: oblique section?
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diagonal cuts
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What percentage of anatomical structures match textbook descriptions? What accounts for the 10% difference?
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90%
vessels may be somewhat out of place and some small muscles may be missing |
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Extreme anatomical variations are quite common. T or F?
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False
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How many cavities are in the body, and what are they?
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2
Dorsal and Ventral |
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What are the two cavities WITHIN the dorsal cavity?
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cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
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What is the purpose of the dorsal cavity?
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to protect the neverous system
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What is inside the cranial cavity?
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the brain (inside the skull)
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What is inside the vertebral cavity?
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the spinal cord (insdie the vertebral column
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What is contained in the ventral cavity?
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Internal organs (viscera)
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The ventral cavity is divided into the subdivisions. What are they?
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thoracic and abdominopelvic
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Illustration of body cavities
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Illustration of body cavities
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Illustration of body cavities
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Illustration of body cavities
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What is inside the thoracic cavity?
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heart and lungs
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What are the three subdivisions of the thoracic cavity and what is inside each one?
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1. pleural: each has a lung
2. pericardial: the heart 3. mediastinum: surrounds remaining thoracic organs |
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What is it that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic area?
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diaphragm (dome-shapped)
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The abdominopelvic cavity contains what two subdivisions?
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1. abdominal cavity
2. pelvic cavity |
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What is found in the abdominal cavity?
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stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, etc
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What is found in the pelvic cavity?
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bladder, reproductive organs, rectum
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This image is much like ventral body cavity MEMBRANE. Explain each part
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Parietal Serosa - lines the internal body wall
Visceral Serosa - covers the internal organs Hand - acting as the organ Serous Fluid - inbetween outer and inner walls (the "air" of the ballon) |
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Identify each section of the heart serosae
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Identify each section of the heart serosae
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Identify these additional body cavities
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Identify these additional body cavities
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Name the 9 abdominopelvic regions (from top to bottom, left to right)
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Good Job!!
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Name the 12 organs in the abdominopelvic area
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Good job !
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The abdominopelvic area can be broken up into quadrants. T or F?
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True
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