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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Consists of the brain and the spinal cord
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Central Nervous System
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Everything else, consists of cranial and spinal nerves that contain both sensory and motor fibers.
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Peripheral Nervous System
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Somatic Nervous system is..
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voluntary
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Autonomic Nervous System is..
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Involuntary
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Enteric Nervous System controls the
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GI Tract
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Functional unit of the nervous system
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Neurons
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conducts impulses towards the cell body; unmyelinated, highly branched and typically short
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Dendrites
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conduct impulses away from the cell body; long cylindrical process
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Axons
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Swollen tips contain vesicles filled with neurotransmitters
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Synaptic end bulbs
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transport sensory info from skin, muscles, joints, sense organs and viscera to CNS
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Sensory (afferent) Neurons
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send motor nerve impulses to muscles and glands
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Motor (efferent) neurons
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connect sensory to motor neurons; most of NS composed of these
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Interneurons (association) neuron
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majority of cell type in the body; several dendrites and one axon
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multipolar
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4 cell types in CNS
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astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal
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2 cell types in PNS
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schwann and satelitte cells
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form blood-brain barrier by covering blood capillaries, metabolize neurotransmitters, regulate K, provide structure
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astrocytes
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most common; form myelin sheath around bundles of axons in CNS; analogous to schwann cells
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oligodendrocytes
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phaocytes of nervous system (clear away dead cells)
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microglia
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form epithelial membrane lining cerebral cavities and central canal, help produce CSF; they are ciliated
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ependymal cells
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flat cells that surround neuronal cell bodies; regulate what can come in and out of cell body and interstial fluid
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satellite cells
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cells encircling PNS aons; produces part of the myelin sheath; analogous to oligodendrocytes
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schwann cells
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appear white "white matter" act as electrical insulator; speeds conduction of nerve impulses
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myelinated fiber
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no myelinated sheath, slow fibers
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unmyelinated fibers
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myelinated processes
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white matter
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nerve cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, bundles of unmyelinated axons and neuroglia
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gray matter
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single presynaptic neuron cell stimulates many others; in muscle fibers
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Diverging
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one cell stimulated by many others; one muscle cell get stimulation from several muscle of the brain
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converging
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impulses from later cells repeatedly stimulate early cells in the circuit (short-term memory)
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Reverberating
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single cell stimulates a group of cells that all stimulate a common postsynaptic cell (math problems) ; not alot known about this
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parallel-after-discharge
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can repair damaged dendrites or axons
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PNS
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no repairs are possible
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CNS
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formation of new neurons from stem cells; was not thought to occur in humans
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Neurogenesis
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neuron cell membrane
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neurolemma
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autoimmune disorder causing destruction of myelin sheaths in CNS; affect motor neurons
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Multiple Sclerosis
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short, recurrent attacks initiated by electrical discharges in the brain
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epilepsy
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