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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What is the main function of the endocrine system?
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Maintain the internal environment of the body.
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Maintenance
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Does the endocrine system react quickly or slowly?
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Slowly however it has widespread effects
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Amino acid bases hormones
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Include modified amino acids, peptides and proteins and are secreted by exocytosis
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Rough ER
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Steroid Based hormones
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Lipid molecules derived from cholesterol, produced by smooth ER and diffused across the plasma membrane
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Smooth ER
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Target cell
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A cell that a hormone targets
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What effects the ability of a target cell to respond to a hormone?
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The presence of a receptor molecule to which a hormone can bind *cell is preprogrammed*
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Humoral stimuli
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Endocrine glands that secrete hormones in direct response to changing levels of ions or nutrients in the blood
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Neural stimuli
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Stimulation of the hormone secretion by the neural pathways of the endocrine system
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Negative Feedback Loop
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Hormone is secretes if blood concentration declines
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Controls ranges
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Positive feedback loop
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Controls blood count then stimulates effector organs
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What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?
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Anterior and posterior
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Thyroid stimulation
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Metabolic rate control
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Adrenocorticotropic
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Adrenal cortex (helps body with stress)
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Gonadotropins
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Maturation of sex cells and induce secretion of sex hormones
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Gonadotropins
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Maturation of sex cells and induce secretion of sex hormones
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Prolactin
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Milk producing glands and manufacturing of milk
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Moo
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Gonadotropins
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Maturation of sex cells and induce secretion of sex hormones
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Prolactin
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Milk producing glands and manufacturing of milk
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Moo
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Melanocytes in body and in CNS
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Skin coloration, in CNS appetite suppression
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Gonadotropins
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Maturation of sex cells and induce secretion of sex hormones
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Prolactin
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Milk producing glands and manufacturing of milk
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Moo
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Melanocytes in body and in CNS
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Skin coloration, in CNS appetite suppression
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Growth hormone
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Entire body growth, increase in proteins
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Gonadotropins
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Maturation of sex cells and induce secretion of sex hormones
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Prolactin
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Milk producing glands and manufacturing of milk
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Moo
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Melanocytes in body and in CNS
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Skin coloration, in CNS appetite suppression
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Growth hormone
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Entire body growth, increase in proteins
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Pituicites
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neurotransmitter that contained unmyelinated axons and neuroglial cells
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Gonadotropins
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Maturation of sex cells and induce secretion of sex hormones
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Prolactin
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Milk producing glands and manufacturing of milk
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Moo
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Melanocytes in body and in CNS
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Skin coloration, in CNS appetite suppression
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Growth hormone
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Entire body growth, increase in proteins
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Pituicites
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neurotransmitter that contained unmyelinated axons and neuroglial cells
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What produces thyroid stimulating hormone and what does it do
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Produced by thyrotropic cells, signals thyroid gland to secrete its own hormone
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Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
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Melanocytes stimulating hormone which stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete hormones to deal with stress
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Helps with this exam
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Direct stimulation by growth hormone
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Growth of epiphyseal plates
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Direct stimulation by growth hormone
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Growth of epiphyseal plates
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Indirect stimulation by growth hormone
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Signals liver to secrete growth factor 1
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Direct stimulation by growth hormone
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Growth of epiphyseal plates
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Indirect stimulation by growth hormone
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Signals liver to secrete growth factor 1
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3 cell types in Anterior lobe
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Acidophils, basophils, chromaphobes
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Acidophils
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Somatic and prolactin cells
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Chromaphobes in anterior lobe
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Immature cells or cells whose hormone supply has been depleted
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Chromaphobes in anterior lobe
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Immature cells or cells whose hormone supply has been depleted
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Pars intermedia
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Corticotropic cells that secrete more MSH than ACTH
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Chromaphobes in anterior lobe
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Immature cells or cells whose hormone supply has been depleted
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Pars intermedia
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Corticotropic cells that secrete more MSH than ACTH
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Pars tuberalis
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Gonadotropic, thyrotropic, cells that have receptors for melatonin, sexual functions and metabolic rate
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Chromaphobes in anterior lobe
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Immature cells or cells whose hormone supply has been depleted
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Pars intermedia
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Corticotropic cells that secrete more MSH than ACTH
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Pars tuberalis
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Gonadotropic, thyrotropic, cells that have receptors for melatonin, sexual functions and metabolic rate
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What controls the anterior lobe secretions?
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Hypothalamus
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Chromaphobes in anterior lobe
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Immature cells or cells whose hormone supply has been depleted
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Pars intermedia
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Corticotropic cells that secrete more MSH than ACTH
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Pars tuberalis
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Gonadotropic, thyrotropic, cells that have receptors for melatonin, sexual functions and metabolic rate
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What controls the anterior lobe secretions?
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Hypothalamus
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How are hormones released in the anterior lobe ?
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Made in hypothalamic neurons and are secreted like neurotransmitters from axon terminals
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Does the posterior lobe of the pituitary make hormones?
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NO. Only stores and releases hormones produced in hypothalamus.
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Does the posterior lobe of the pituitary make hormones?
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NO. Only stores and releases hormones produced in hypothalamus.
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Hypothalamohypophyseal tract
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Axons from the posterior lobe form this
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Anti diuretic hormone
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Made in neurons of the supra optic nucleus , helps body retain fluid.
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Anti diuretic hormone
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Made in neurons of the supra optic nucleus , helps body retain fluid.
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Vasopressin
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Signals peripheral arteries to constrict this raises blood pressure to normal levels
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Anti diuretic hormone
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Made in neurons of the supra optic nucleus , helps body retain fluid.
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Vasopressin
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Signals peripheral arteries to constrict this raises blood pressure to normal levels
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Oxytocin
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Produced in paraventricular nucleus. Induce contractions in childbirth as well as to eject milk, "cuddle/bond" hormone
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Anti diuretic hormone
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Made in neurons of the supra optic nucleus , helps body retain fluid.
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Vasopressin
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Signals peripheral arteries to constrict this raises blood pressure to normal levels
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Oxytocin
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Produced in paraventricular nucleus. Induce contractions in childbirth as well as to eject milk, "cuddle/bond" hormone
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Calcitonin
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Lowers calcium blood levels by slowing release of calcium from osteoclasts in nine and increasing secretion by kidney
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Parathyroid hormone
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Increases blood concentration of calcium by activating vitamin D which stimulates uptake of calcium by intestines
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Adrenal medilla
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Cluster of neurons, part of the SYMPATHETIC nervous system. Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
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Adrenal cortex hormones
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Lipid based steroid hormones
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Aldosterone
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Minealcorticoid, secreted by zona glomerulosa in response to decline in blood volume or BP by promoting kidney to absorb more sodium into blood which brings in water
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Aldosterone
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Minealcorticoid, secreted by zona glomerulosa in response to decline in blood volume or BP by promoting kidney to absorb more sodium into blood which brings in water
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Glucocorticoids
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Secreted by fasciculata and reticularis. Helps body to respond to stress (fasting,trauma)
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Aldosterone
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Minealcorticoid, secreted by zona glomerulosa in response to decline in blood volume or BP by promoting kidney to absorb more sodium into blood which brings in water
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Glucocorticoids
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Secreted by fasciculata and reticularis. Helps body to respond to stress (fasting,trauma)
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How do glucocorticoids help body in times of stress?
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Keep blood glucose levels high to support brain while forcing others to live off of amino acids and fats, redirects lymphocytes to peripheral tissues where pathogens are, depress inflammatory response and inhibit immune system
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Adrenal androgens
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Converted to testosterone and estrogen in peripheral tissue, possibly control stress, does decline with age
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Pineal gland
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Secreted melatonin which regulates circadian rhythms
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Alpha cells in pancreas
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Secrete glycogen, signals liver to release glucose from storage to raise sugar levels
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Beta cells in pancreas
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Secrete insulin, signals cells in body to take up glucose which lowers blood sugar levels
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Delta cells in pancreas
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Secrete somatostatin and pancreatic polyeptide
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Delta cells in pancreas
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Secrete somatostatin and pancreatic polyeptide
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Somatostatin
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Secreted by delta cells, inhibits secretion of glucagon and insulin by alpha and beta cells
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Delta cells in pancreas
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Secrete somatostatin and pancreatic polyeptide
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Somatostatin
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Secreted by delta cells, inhibits secretion of glucagon and insulin by alpha and beta cells
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Pancreatic polyeptide
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May inhibit exocrine activity of the pancreas
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Thymus
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Site where white blood cells also called t lymphocytes arise from precursor cells
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