Anatomy Chap. 11-14

Front 1

Astrocytes

Back 1

Most abundant glial cells that are star-shaped.

Front 2

Axon

Back 2

Arises from a cone-shaped region of the cell body and then narrows to form a slender process that stays uniform in diameter for the rest of its length.

Front 3

Axon Collaterals

Back 3

Branches of axon along its length. Extend from the axon at more or less right angles.

Front 4

Axonal Terminals

Back 4

Bulbous distal endings of the telodendria.

Front 5

Dendrites

Back 5

Short, tapering, diffusely branching extensions.

Front 6

Ependymal Cells

Back 6

Cells that range in shape from squamous to columnar, and many are ciliated.

Front 7

Gray Matter

Back 7

Gray area of the CNS; Contains cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers of neurons.

Front 8

Group A fibers

Back 8

Mostly somatic sensory and motor fibers serving the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints.

Front 9

Group B and C fibers

Back 9

Lightly myelinated fibers of intermediate diameter; have the smallest diameter and are unmyelinated.

Front 10

Microglia

Back 10

Small ovoid cells with relatively long "thorny" processes.

Front 11

Myelin Sheath

Back 11

Whittish, fatty, segmented sheath of nerve fibers.

Front 12

Nerve Fiber

Back 12

Any long axon.

Front 13

Neurofibrils

Back 13

Bundles of intermediate filaments.

Front 14

Neruoglia

Back 14

The supporting cells in the CNS.

Front 15

Nissl Bodies

Back 15

Rough ER that stains darkly with basic dyes and is obviously microscopically.

Front 16

Nodes of Ranvier

Back 16

Gaps in the sheath between Schwann cells.

Front 17

Satellite Cells

Back 17

Flat cells that surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia and play some role in controlling the chemical environment of neurons.

Front 18

Schwann Cells

Back 18

Surround and form myelin sheaths around the larger nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system.

Front 19

Synapses

Back 19

Unique junction that mediates the transfer of information from one neuron to the next or from a neuron to an effector cell.

Front 20

Telodendria

Back 20

Terminal branches.

Front 21

White Matter

Back 21

White substance of the central nervous system; myelinated nerve fibers.

Front 22

Brain

Back 22

The powerhouse of the human body.

Front 23

Cerebellum

Back 23

Processes inputs received from the cerebral motor cortex, various brain stem nuclei, and sensory receptors to provide precise timing and appropriate patterns of skeletal muscle contraction.

Front 24

Cerebral Cortex

Back 24

Enables all qualities associated with consciousness.

Front 25

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Back 25

Forms a liquid cushion that gives buoyancy to the CNS organs.

Front 26

Diencephalon

Back 26

Forms the central core of the forebrain and is surrounded by the cerebral hemispheres.

Front 27

Hypothalmus

Back 27

Caps the top of the brain stem and forms the inferolateral walls of the third ventricle.

Front 28

Medulla Oblongata

Back 28

The most inferior part of the brain stem.

Front 29

Meninges

Back 29

Three connective tissue membranes that lie just external to the CNS organs.

Front 30

Thalmus

Back 30

Egg-shaped; Makes up 80% of the diencephalon and forms the superolateral walls of the third ventricle.

Front 31

The Pons

Back 31

Bulging brain stem region wedged between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata.

Front 32

Chemoreceptors

Back 32

Receptors that respond to chemicals in solutions.

Front 33

Exteroceptors

Back 33

Receptors that are sensitive to stimuli arising outside the body.

Front 34

Interoceptors

Back 34

Receptors that respond to stimuli arising from within the body.

Front 35

Mechanoreceptors

Back 35

Receptors that generate nerve impulses when they are deformed by mechanical forces.

Front 36

Nociceptors

Back 36

Receptors that respond to potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain.

Front 37

Photoreceptors

Back 37

Receptors that respond to light energy.

Front 38

Perception

Back 38

Interpretation of the meaning of the stimulus.

Front 39

Proprioceptors

Back 39

Receptors that respond to internal stimuli, but there location is much more restricted.

Front 40

Sensation

Back 40

Awareness of the stimulus.

Front 41

Thermoreceptors

Back 41

Receptors that are sensitive to temperature changes.

Front 42

ANS works primarily with smooth and cardiac muscles whereas the PNS works more with skeletal muscle.

Back 42

Characteristics of the PNS and ANS?

Front 43

1.Autonomic
2.Emotional
3.Body Temperature
4.Regulation of Water Balance
5.Regulation of Food Intake
6.Sleep and Awake Pattern
7.Control of Endocrine System

Back 43

7 Functions of the hypothalmus?

Front 44

Sympathetic is most active in high-stress situations. Parasympathetic is most active in non-stressful situations.

Back 44

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic?

Front 45

Cerebrum

Back 45

The cerebral hemispheres and the structures of the diencephalon.