Anatomy Ch.4 Tissues

Front 1

Covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts; also forms glands?

Back 1

Epithelial tissue

Front 2

Protects and supports the body and its organs. Various types bind organs together; stores energy reserves as fat and helps provide immunity to disease-causing organisms?

Back 2

Connective tissue

Front 3

generates the physical force needed to make body structures move?

Back 3

Muscular tissue

Front 4

detects changes in a variety of conditions inside and outside the body and responds by generating action potentials (nerve impulses) that help maintain homeostasis?

Back 4

Nervous tissue

Front 5

Which is NOT one of the three primary germ layers?
A. middlederm
B.ectoderm
C. endoderm
D.mesoderm

Back 5

A. middlederm

Front 6

Epithelial tissue develop from what germ layer?

Back 6

ALL THREE

Front 7

All connective tissue and most muscle tissue derive from what germ layer?

Back 7

mesoderm

Front 8

Nervous tissue develops from what germ layer?

Back 8

ectoderm

Front 9

A group of similar cells that usually have a common embryonic origin and function together to carry out specialized activities?

Back 9

Tissue

Front 10

What are the four basic types of tissues that make up the human body?

Back 10

1.connective
2.muscular
3.epithelial
4.nervous

Hint 10

C
M
E
N

Front 11

Contact points between the plasma membranes of tissue cells?

Back 11

Cell junctions

Hint 11

most epithelial and some muscle and nerve cells contain these.

Front 12

Consists of web-like strands of transmembrane proteins that fuse the outer surfaces of adjacent plasma membranes together?

Back 12

Tight junction

Hint 12

ziplock bag cells of epithelial that lines bladder have tight junctions so substances don't leak into blood or surrounding tissue.

Front 13

Contains plaque, a dense layer of proteins on the inside of the plasma membrane that attaches to both membrane protiens and to microfilaments of the cytoskeleton?

Back 13

Adherens junctions

Hint 13

Velcro

Front 14

Adherens junctions often form extensive zones called
_______ because they encircle the cell similar to the way a belt encircles a waist?

Back 14

adhesion belt

Front 15

The plasma membranes of this particular junction are not fused together as in tight junctions but are separated by a very narrow intercellular gap?

Back 15

Gap junctions

Hint 15

allow the cells in a tissue to communicate w/ one another

Front 16

Consists of cells arranged in continuous sheets, in either single or multiple layers?

Back 16

Epithelial tissue

Front 17

The ______surface of an epithelial cell faces the body surface, a body cavity, the interior space of an organ, or a tubular duct that receives cell secretions?

Back 17

Apical (free) surface

Hint 17

may contain cilia or microvilli

Front 18

The ____surface of an epithelial cell adhere to extracellular materials as the basement membrane?

Back 18

basal surface

Front 19

A thin extracellular layer that commonly consists of two layers?

Back 19

basement membrane

Hint 19

functions as a point of attachment and support for the underlying epithelial tissue.

Front 20

Which is NOT a layer of the basement membrane?
A. basal lamina
B. reticular lamina
C.cement lamina

Back 20

C.cement lamina

Front 21

is closer to-and secreted by-the epithelial cells. It contains proteins such as collagen and laminin?

Back 21

basal lamina

Hint 21

Lamina= thin layer

Front 22

Is closer to the underlying connective tissue and contains fibrous proteins produced by connective tissue cells called fibroblasts.

Back 22

reticular lamina

Front 23

Epithelial tissue has its own nerve supply but is what?

Back 23

Avascular (lacks its own blood supply)

Front 24

Forms the outer covering of the skin and some internal organs; forms the inner lining of blood vessels, ducts, body cavities?

Back 24

Covering and lining epithelium

Hint 24

also forms the interior of the respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems. <<COVERS AND LINES>>

Front 25

Makes up the secreting portion of the glands such as the thyroid gland, adrenal, and sweat glands?

Back 25

glandular epithelium

Front 26

A single layer of cells that functions in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion and absorption?

Back 26

Simple epithelium

Hint 26

SINGLE=SIMPLE

Front 27

Appears to have multiple layers of cells?

Back 27

psuedostratified epithelium

Front 28

consists of two or more layers of cells that protect underlying tissues in locations where there is considerable wear and tear?

Back 28

stratified epithelium

Hint 28

Stratum = layer

Front 29

Are arranged like floor tiles and are thin, which allows for the rapid passage of substances?

Back 29

Squamous cells

Hint 29

squamous= flat

Front 30

Are shaped like cubes or hexagons; function in either secretion or absorption?

Back 30

cuboidal cells

Front 31

Shaped like columns, and protect underlying tissues; amy have cilia or micrvilli, often are specialized in secretion and absorption?

Back 31

columnar cells

Front 32

Change shape,from flat to cuboidal as organs such as urinary bladder stretch and collapse?

Back 32

transitional

Front 33

Consists of a single layer of flat cells; present at sites whre processes of filtration occurs?

Back 33

simple squamous epithelium

Hint 33

descr. single layer
location. lines heart
function. filtration, diffusion, osmosis

Front 34

The simple squamous epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels is known as what?

Back 34

endothelium

Hint 34

endo=within, thelium=covering

Front 35

Description= single layer of cube-shaped cells, functoin= secretoin and absorption?

Back 35

simple cuboidal epithelium

Front 36

Description=single layer of nonciliated-like cells, contain goblet cells, function=secretion and absorption?

Back 36

nonciliated simple columnar epithelium

Hint 36

contain microvilli at apical surface and goblet cells (secrete mucus)

Front 37

Description= Contain columnar epithelial cells with cilia at the apical surface, function= moves mucus and other substances?

Back 37

ciliated simple columnar epithelium

Front 38

Location=keratinized and/or nonkeratinized, function=protection

Back 38

stratified squamous epithelium

Front 39

Stratified squamous epithelium exists in what two forms?

Back 39

1. keratinized
2. nonkeratinized

Front 40

Description= all cells are attached to basement membrane but not all reach the apical surface, function= secretion and movement of mucus by ciliary action?

Back 40

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Front 41

Where would you find nonkeratinized stratified epithelium?

Back 41

lining the mouth and esophagus

Hint 41

remains moist

Front 42

Description=appearance is variable, can range from squamous to cuboidal, locatoin=urinary bladder, function=permits distension?

Back 42

transitional epithelium

Front 43

May consist of a single cell or a group of cells that secrete substances into ducts, onto a surface, or into the blood?

Back 43

Gland

Hint 43

!!!keyword=secrete!!!

Front 44

All glands of the body are classified as either..
A. little or big
B. avascular or vascular
C. exocrine or endocrine

Back 44

C. exocrine or endocrine

Front 45

The secretions of endocrine glands diffuse directly into the bloodstream without flowing through a duct. these secretions are called what?

Back 45

hormones

Front 46

secrete their products into ducts that empty onto the surface of a covering and lining epithelium cell?

Back 46

exocrine gland

Hint 46

example= skin surface; sweat

Front 47

Most exocrine galnds of the body are classified as what type of glands?
A. tubular
B. merocrine
C. Apocrine

Back 47

B. merocrine

Hint 47

forms product, then discharges it through a duct

Front 48

Accumulate their secretory product at the apical surface of the secreting cell?

Back 48

Apocrine glands

Hint 48

portion of the cell pinches off from the rest of the cell to release the secretion.

Front 49

accumulate a secretory product in their cytosol; as cell matures it ruptures and becomes the secretory product. Sloughed off cell is replaced by a new cell?

Back 49

holocrine gland

Hint 49

example= pimple or oil gland
discharge, then die

Front 50

One of the most abundant and widely distributed in the body?

Back 50

connective tissue

Front 51

The material located b/t its widely spaced cells, consists of protien fibers and ground substance?

Back 51

extracellular matrix

Front 52

connective tissue is highly what?
A. pliable
B. contagious
C. vascular

Back 52

C. Vascular

Front 53

An immature cell would have the ending what?; meaning "to bud or sprout"?

Back 53

-blast

Front 54

A mature cell would have what ending?

Back 54

-cyte

Front 55

Usually the most numerous; migrate through connective tissue, secreting the fibers and ground substance of the extracellular matrix?

Back 55

fibroblasts

Hint 55

secrete FIBERS..FIBROblasts

Front 56

Develop from monocytes, a type of WBC; capable of engulfing bacteria and cellular debris by phagocytosis?

Back 56

macrophages

Hint 56

engulfing= eating= phages

Front 57

Plasma cells secrete what?

Back 57

Antibodies

Hint 57

an important part of bodies immune response

Front 58

Produce heparin and histamine?

Back 58

mast cells

Front 59

Also called fat cells?

Back 59

Adipocytes

Front 60

the component of a connective tissue b/t the cells and fibers may be fliud, semifliud, gelatinous or calcified?

Back 60

ground substance

Front 61

Name the three types of fibers that are embedded in the extracellular matrix b/t the cells?

Back 61

1.collagen fibers
2.elastic fibers
3.reticular fibers

Front 62

Very strong;consist of the protein collagen?

Back 62

Collagen fibers
found especially in bone cartilage, tendons and ligaments

Front 63

Consists of the protein elastin, have ability to return to their original shape after being stretched?

Back 63

elastic fibers
plentiful in skin, blood vessel walls and lung tissue

Front 64

Strong bands of tissue; form part of the stroma (framework) of tissue?

Back 64

reticular fibers

Front 65

One example of embryonic connective tissue found almost exclusively in the embryo is?

Back 65

mesenchyme
tissue from which all other connective tissue eventually arises.

Front 66

AN example of embryonic connective tissue fund mainly in the umbilical cord of the fetus; also known as Wharton's jelly?

Back 66

mucous connective tissue

Front 67

What are the five types of mature connective tissue?

Back 67

1.loose
2.dense
3.cartilage
4.bone
5.liquid

Front 68

One of the most widley distributed connective tissues in the body, contains several types of cells, all three types of fibers?

Back 68

areolar connective tissue

Front 69

combined w/ adipose tissue, areolar connective tissue forms the __________ layer?

Back 69

subcutaneous layer
attaches the skin to underlying tissues and organs.

Front 70

Is found wherever areolar tissue is located?

Back 70

Adipose tissue

Front 71

Most adipose tissue in adults is?

Back 71

white adipose tissue

Front 72

a type of adipose tissue that pobtains a darker color from its rich blood supply, is widespread in the fetus and infants?

Back 72

brown adipose tissue (BAT)