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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of the stomach? |
Storage and mechanical digestion. |
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Where is gastric juice added in the GI tract? |
The stomach |
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What is in gastric juice? |
HCL and pepsin. |
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What is the resulting mixture of bolus and gastric juice called. |
Chyme. |
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What are the 3 parts of the small intestine in order? |
Duodenum, Jejunum and Ilium. |
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What occurs in the Duodenum? |
Chemical digestion. |
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What is the function of the Jejunum and the Ilium? |
To absorb nutrients (carbs, proteins and lipids). |
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What happens to what is not absorbed in the small intestine. |
It is absorbed in the large intestine. |
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What is the function of the Large Intestine? |
To absorb water from the chyme, and absorption of vitamins and minerals. |
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What is special about the Large Intestine's lumen? |
It is covered in a layer of bacteria called flora? |
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What is the function of the flora? |
Bacteria breaks down minerals for the body to absorb. |
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What is the basic structure/layer of the GI tract from mouth to anus. From Deep to superficial. |
Lumen (hole), mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. |
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What type of epithelium is the mouth mucolsa consist of? |
Stratified Squamous |
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What type of epithelium does the stomach mucosa consist of? |
simple Columnar epithelia with ducts. |
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What type of epithelium does the duodenum mucosa consist of? |
simple Columnar |
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What type of epithelium does the rectum mucosa consist of? |
stratified squamous mucosa. |
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What are the only two things that absorbs in the stomach. |
Aspirin and alcohol. |
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What are the two spinsters of the esophagus. |
Upper and lower esophageal sphincters. |
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What are the three salivary gland. |
Pared, sublingual, submandibular. |
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What two things are in saliva? |
Amylase and protective proteins. |
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What does enzyme amylase breakdown? |
Carbohydrates |
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What does the enzyme lipase breakdown? |
Lipids |
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What is bolus? |
Food that is masticated and mixed with saliva, what we swallow. |
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What is deglutinate? |
swallow reflex. |
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What is peristalsis? |
muscle movement that moves bolus. |
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What are the accessory organs of the GI tract? |
Teeth, tongue, salivary gland, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. |
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What are the 6 basic processes involved with digestion? |
Ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, digestion, absorption, and defecation. |
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What are they nervous system that control the GI tract? |
Enteric and Autonomic Nervous systems. |
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What parts of the enteric nervous system? |
Submucosal plexus and myenteric plexus. |
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What does the myenteric plexus control? |
Smooth muscle. |
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What is the function of the greater omentum? |
Protection |
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What does the parietal peritoneum cover? |
The walls of the abdominal cavity. |
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What does the visceral peritoneum cover? |
Organs. |
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What are the location and function of the incisors? |
The 4 middle teeth and they are for cut food. |
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What is the function of the cuspids and what teeth are they lateral to located next to? |
To tear food, and incisors. |
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What are the function of bicuspids and where are they located to? |
Crush and grind food, and lateral of the cuspids. |
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What are the function of the molars and where are they located? |
Grind food, and medial to the cuspids. |
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What enzymes are found in saliva? |
Amylase |
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Name the process of deglutition? |
The tongue shapes the Bolus, then it travels to the esophagus, while hard palate, soft palate, uvula and seal off the nasal cavity with the help the tongue.Then epiglottis closes, upper esophageal sphincter opens, lower esophageal sphincter opens, food lands in stomach. |
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What is the function of the uvula and the palates? |
To seal off the nasal cavity so bolus does not go up there. |
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What is the esophagus? |
It is a collapsible, muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. |
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What is the stomach and its function? |
It si a J shaped enlargement of the GI tract and it functions in mechanical digestion. |
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What is the specific functions of the stomach? |
Mixes bolus with gastric juice to make chyme. Serves as a reservoir. Secretes gastric juice. Secretes gastrin into the blood. |
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What is gastric juice composed of? |
HCl, pepsin, and gastric lipase. |
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What does the enzyme pepsin breakdown? |
Protein. |
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What are the 4 layers of the stomach? |
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. |
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What 4 important cells are found in the mucosa of the stomach? |
Surface mucous cells, parietal cells, chief cells, and g cells. |
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What do surface mucous cells do and why they important. |
Secrete mucous and to protect stomach form HCl. |
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Why are parietal cells important in the stomach? |
They secrete hydrochloric acid |
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Why are chief cells imported in the stomach? |
They secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase. |
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Why are g cells important in the stomach? |
They secrete the hormone gastrin. |
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What does the hormone gastrin do? |
Signal parietal cells to secrete HCl. |
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What are the parts of the stomach? |
Cardia, fundus, lesser and greater curvature, rage of mucosa, and pylorus. |
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What separates the stomach and small intestine? |
The pylorus sphincter. |
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What are the two parts of the pylorus? |
pyloric antrum and pyloric canal. |
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How many lobes doe the liver have? |
2 |
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What separates the lobes of the liver? |
Falciform ligament |
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What are the hepatic ducts? |
Ducts that bile travels through the liver. |
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What is the common hepatic duct? |
The part where the two hepatic ducts become one. |
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What is the common bile duct? |
Where the common hepatic duct and cystic duct become one and leads to the small intestine. |
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What is the function the gallbladder? |
To storage and concentrate bile. |
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What is the cystic duct? |
Connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct. |
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What is the function of bile salts? |
For the emulsification fats. |
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What are functions of the liver and gallbladder? |
Carb, lipid protein metabolism. Processing of drugs and hormones. Bilirubin excretion. Bile salt synthesis. Storage. Phagocytosis. Vitamin D activation. |
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Were does the majority of digestion and absorption occur? |
The small intestine. |
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What is the function of circular folds in the small intestine? |
To increase surface area for digestion and absorption. |
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What is the vestibule in the oral cavity? |
It is the space between the gums and cheeks. |
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What are the 7 parts of the large intestine? |
ceum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus. |
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What is the function of the appendix? |
it is part of the immune system. |
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What part of the the GI tracts are voluntarily controlled? |
The External Anal Sphincter |
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Explain the defecation reflex. |
Rectal walls distends, stretch receptors send nerve impulses, motor nerve impulses travel back to descending & sigmoid colon, rectum and anus. Real muscles contract and internal anal sphincter opens. Then the external anal sphincter is opened voluntarily for defecation. |
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What is the pancreas important accessory organ in the GI tract? |
It produces all digestive enzymes.
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