Anatomy Ch. 19

Front 1

How do exocrine glands release their products?

Back 1

Through ducts onto epithelial surface.

Front 2

How do endocrine glands release their products?

Back 2

Directly into interstitial fluid.

Front 3

What do we call the study of the endocrine system?

Back 3

Endocrinology

Front 4

What do we call the products of endocrine glands?

Back 4

Hormones

Front 5

What part of the brain is the master control center of the endocrine system?

Back 5

hypothalamus

Front 6

What 2 hormones does the hypothalamus release?

Back 6

Antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin

Front 7

What is ADH's function?

Back 7

Reabsorption of water, elevate BP

Front 8

What is Oxytocin's function?

Back 8

labor contractions, milk ejection/ prostate secretion, ductus deferens contractions

Front 9

What endocrine gland is found in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone and consists of two lobes?

Back 9

Pituitary Gland

Front 10

Technical name of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

Back 10

Neurohypophysis

Front 11

Technical name of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

Back 11

Adenohypophysis

Front 12

What two hormones are distributed from (not secreted by) the posterior lobe?

Back 12

ADH, oxytocin

Front 13

What hormones are secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

Back 13

Thyroid Stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, lutenizing hormone, prolactin, growth hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone

Front 14

what hormone stimulates the releases thyroid hormones?

Back 14

thyroid stimulating hormone

Front 15

what hormone stimulates the release of steroids from adrenal cortex?

Back 15

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Front 16

what hormone stimulates oocyte development and estrogen production/ sperm production?

Back 16

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Front 17

what hormone stimulates ovulation and progestin production/ adrogen production?

Back 17

Luteinizing hormone

Front 18

what hormone stimulates milk production and mammary gland development?

Back 18

prolactin

Front 19

what hormone accelerates protein production?

Back 19

growth hormone

Front 20

what hormone stimulates melanocytes?

Back 20

melanocyte stimulating hormone

Front 21

what bi-lobed endocrine gland is located anterior to the trachea just inferior to the larynx?

Back 21

thyroid gland

Front 22

what hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland?

Back 22

(T3) triiodothyronin and (T4) Thyroxine, and caliconin

Front 23

What hormone, secreted by the thyroid gland, decreases blood calcium levels?

Back 23

calcitonin

Front 24

What hormones, secreted by the thyroid gland, increases cellular metabolism (broadly targeted)?

Back 24

(t3) triiodothyronine and (t4) thyroxine

Front 25

what endocrine gland are located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland?

Back 25

parathyroid glands

Front 26

what hormone, secreted by the parathyroid glands, increases blood calcium levels?

Back 26

parathyroid hormones

Front 27

what two layered endocrine glands are located on the superior border of each kidney (and therefore retroperitoneal)?

Back 27

adrenal (suprarenal) glands

Front 28

what layer, of the outside of the adrenal (suprarenal) gland, is yellow because of the presence of stored lipids?

Back 28

adrenal cortex

Front 29

what is the general term for the hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex?

Back 29

corticosteroids

Front 30

what are the 3 types of corticosteroids? and functions of each?

Back 30

mineralcorticords: conservation of sodium and water.
glucocorticords: stimulate gluconeogenesis(form glucose from sources such as amino acids and lipids)/anti-inflammatory.
androgens: in women promotes muscle mass/libido

Front 31

what layer, on the inside of the adrenal (suprarenal) gland, is composed of modified ganglionic neurons?

Back 31

adrenal medulla

Front 32

what two hormones, secreted by the adrenal medulla, produce effects similar to sympathetic stimulation?

Back 32

epinephrine (adrenaline)
norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Front 33

what mixed gland (endocrine and exocrine function) lies deep to the stomach between the 'C' of the duodenum and the spleen?

Back 33

pancreas

Front 34

what two hormones produced by the pancreas (there are 4 total) are directly involved with the regulation of blood glucose levels?

Back 34

alpha cells, increase blood glucose levels: glucagon
beta cells, decrease blood glucose levels: insulin

Front 35

what form of diabetes isn't linked to the pancreas at all but rather a lack of anti-diuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary?

Back 35

diabetes insipidus

Front 36

what hormone stimulates oocyte development and estrogen production/ sperm production?

Back 36

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Front 37

what hormone stimulates ovulation and progestin production/ adrogen production?

Back 37

Luteinizing hormone

Front 38

what hormone stimulates milk production and mammary gland development?

Back 38

prolactin

Front 39

what hormone accelerates protein production?

Back 39

growth hormone

Front 40

what hormone stimulates melanocytes?

Back 40

melanocyte stimulating hormone

Front 41

what bi-lobed endocrine gland is located anterior to the trachea just inferior to the larynx?

Back 41

thyroid gland

Front 42

what hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland?

Back 42

(T3) triiodothyronin and (T4) Thyroxine, and caliconin

Front 43

What hormone, secreted by the thyroid gland, decreases blood calcium levels?

Back 43

calcitonin

Front 44

What hormones, secreted by the thyroid gland, increases cellular metabolism (broadly targeted)?

Back 44

(t3) triiodothyronine and (t4) thyroxine

Front 45

what endocrine gland are located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland?

Back 45

parathyroid glands

Front 46

what hormone, secreted by the parathyroid glands, increases blood calcium levels?

Back 46

parathyroid hormones

Front 47

what two layered endocrine glands are located on the superior border of each kidney (and therefore retroperitoneal)?

Back 47

adrenal (suprarenal) glands

Front 48

what layer, of the outside of the adrenal (suprarenal) gland, is yellow because of the presence of stored lipids?

Back 48

adrenal cortex

Front 49

what is the general term for the hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex?

Back 49

corticosteroids

Front 50

what are the 3 types of corticosteroids? and functions of each?

Back 50

mineralcorticords: conservation of sodium and water.
glucocorticords: stimulate gluconeogenesis(form glucose from sources such as amino acids and lipids)/anti-inflammatory.
androgens: in women promotes muscle mass/libido

Front 51

what layer, on the inside of the adrenal (suprarenal) gland, is composed of modified ganglionic neurons?

Back 51

adrenal medulla

Front 52

what two hormones, secreted by the adrenal medulla, produce effects similar to sympathetic stimulation?

Back 52

epinephrine (adrenaline)
norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Front 53

what mixed gland (endocrine and exocrine function) lies deep to the stomach between the 'C' of the duodenum and the spleen?

Back 53

pancreas

Front 54

what two hormones produced by the pancreas (there are 4 total) are directly involved with the regulation of blood glucose levels?

Back 54

alpha cells, increase blood glucose levels: glucagon
beta cells, decrease blood glucose levels: insulin

Front 55

what form of diabetes isn't linked to the pancreas at all but rather a lack of anti-diuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary?

Back 55

diabetes insipidus

Front 56

what form of diabetes, linked to the pancreas, is associated with glucose levels so high that our kidney can't reabsorb all of it (so we get sugar in our urine or glycosuria)?

Back 56

diabetes mellitus

Front 57

what endocrine gland is located deep to the sternum and regresses with age after puberty?

Back 57

thymus

Front 58

what category of hormones, produced by the thymus, assists in the maturation and function of the immune system?

Back 58

thymosins

Front 59

what is the name of the male gonads?

Back 59

testes

Front 60

what is the primary androgen, produced by the testes, that promotes skeletal muscle growth and male secondary sexual characteristics?

Back 60

testosterone

Front 61

what is the name of the female gonads?

Back 61

ovaries

Front 62

what is the general term for the hormones (including estradiol) that supports follicle maturation and the growth of the uterine lining as well as producing female secondary sexual characteristics?

Back 62

estrogens

Front 63

what is the general term for the hormones (including progesterone) produced by the corpus luteum (follicular cells that remain in the ovary after ovulation) that causes the uterus to prepare for implantation?

Back 63

progestins

Front 64

what small endocrine gland is located on the posterior aspect of the diencephalon of the brain?

Back 64

pineal gland

Front 65

what hormone, produced by the pineal gland, regulates circadian rhythms and the onset of sexual maturity?

Back 65

melatonin

Front 66

what hormones, produced by the heart, help lower blood pressure by stimulating the loss of water and sodium at the kidneys (suppressing anti-diuretic hormone and aldosterone (the key mineralcorticord))?

Back 66

natriuretic peptides

Front 67

what hormone, produced by the kidney, stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow?

Back 67

erythropoietin