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66 Cards in this Set
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Disciplines of Anatomy
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Pathological Anatomy
Respiratory systems Radiographic Anatomy Embryology Developmental Biology Histology |
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Disciplines of Physiology
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Neurophysiology
Endocrinology Cardiovascular Physiology Immunology Respiratory Physiology Renal physiology Exercise Physiology Pathophysiology |
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Disciplines of Anatomy
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Surface Anatomy
Gross Anatomy Regional Anatomy Systemic Anatomy |
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Disciplines of Physiology
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Neurophysiology
Endocrine Cardiovascular Immunology Renal Pathological |
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Surface Anatomy
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Anatomical landmarks on the
surface of the body through visualization and palpation |
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Gross Anatomy
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Structures that can be
examined without using a microscope |
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Regional Anatomy
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Specific regions of the body
such as the head or chest |
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Systemic Anatomy
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structures of specific
systems of the body Such as the nervous or respiratory systems |
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Pathological Anatomy
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Structural changes
associated with disease (gross or microscopic) |
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Respiratory systems
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Functions of the air
passageways and lungs |
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Radiographic Anatomy
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Body structures that
can be visualized with x-rays |
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Embryology
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Structures that merge from the
time of the fertilized egg through the eighth week in utero |
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Developmental Biology
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Structures that
emerge from the time of the fertilized egg to the adult form |
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Histology
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Microscopic Structure of
tissues. |
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Neurophysiology
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Functional properties of
nerve cells |
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Endocrinology
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Hormones (chemical
regulators control body functions) |
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Cardiovascular Physiology
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Functions of
the heart and blood vessels |
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Immunology
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body defends itself against
disease-causing agents |
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Respiratory Physiology
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Functions of
the air passageways and lungs |
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Renal physiology
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Functions of the
kidneys |
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Exercise Physiology
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Effects of
muscular activity |
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Pathophysiology
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Functional changes
associated with disease and aging |
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Physical structure of human body
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chemical (molecular)
cellular tissue organ system organism |
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the organ systems
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integumentary
skeletal muscular nervous endocrine cardiovascular lymphatic respiratory digestive urinary male and female reproductive |
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Integumentary System
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Skin and associated structures: hair, nails,
sweat and oil glands |
Regulate body temperature; Protection; Vitamin D
synthesis; Detects sensations |
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Skeletal System
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All bones and associated cartilage
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Supports and protects; Assists with movements;
Blood production; Mineral storage |
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Muscular System
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Skeletal muscles and other muscle tissue
(cardiac and smooth) |
Movement; Maintains posture; Heat production
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Nervous System
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Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs, e.g.,
eye and ear. |
Regulate body activities: sensory info. to the brain
and motor signals out to body. |
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Endocrine System
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Glands and tissues that produce hormones,
e.g., pituitary, thyroid, |
Hormones regulate body activities of target organ
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Cardiovascular System
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Blood (plasma and cells), heart, arteries,
veins, capillaries |
Carrying substance through body, e.g., hormones,
waste, gases, nutrients; Regulates temperature; Fights disease (white blood cells) |
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Lymphatic and Immune
Systems |
Lymph: lymph fluid, vessels and structures
(spleen, lymph nodes) Immune: White blood cells of immune response (B cells and T cells) |
Lymph: Return protein and fluid to blood.
Immune: Cells protect against disease causingagents |
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Respiratory System
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Lungs and air passages, e.g., trachea
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Gas exchange; Blood pH regulation; Sound
production in larynx |
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Digestive System
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Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large
intestines, rectum, anus, and accessory organs: salivary glands, liver, pancreas, etc |
Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food;
Absorption of nutrients; Elimination of solid waste |
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Urinary System
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Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
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Produce & eliminate urine; Regulate volume and
chemical composition of blood; Helps regulate red blood cell production |
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Reproductive System
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Gonads and associated organs
Female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina Male: testicles, epididymis, vas deferens, penis |
Gamete production; Hormone production;
Development of embryo |
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What is Biology?
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Biology is the study of life
Life is characterized by a series of unifying themes Life is organized in a hierarchical manner |
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living vs. nonliving
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Metabolism
Responsiveness Movement Growth Differentiation Reproduction |
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characteristics of living things
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Assimilate and use energy
Respond to their environment Maintain constants in internal environment Have DNA to store hereditary info Can reproduce Composed of one or more cells Evolved from other living things Are highly organized A condition of equilibrium maintained by the body's regulatory processes |
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homeostasis
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A condition of equilibrium
maintained by the body's regulatory processes |
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anatomical position of the body is follows
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the subject stands erect facing the observer
◦ the head level and the eyes facing directly forward ◦ feet are flat on the floor and directed forward ◦ arms are at the sides, with the palms turned forward |
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anatomical positional terms
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◦prone - body is lying face down
◦supine - body is lying face up |
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Superior (cephalic, cranial)
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Toward the head (upper part)
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Inferior (caudal)
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Away from the head (lower part)
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Anterior (ventral)
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Near to the front
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Posterior (dorsal)
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Near to the back
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Medial
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Near to the midline
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Lateral
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Far from the midline
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Intermediate
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Between two structures
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Ipselateral
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On the same side
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Contralateral
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On opposite side
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Proximal
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Near to origin
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Distal
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Far from origin
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Superficial
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Toward the surface
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Deep
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Away from the surface
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Planes
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imaginary flat surfaces that are used to divide
the body or organs to visualize interior structures |
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midsagittal
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divides the body or an organ into equal right and left sides
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parasagittal
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divides the body or an organ into unequal right and left sides
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frontal
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divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions
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transverse
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divides the body or an organ into superior and inferior portions
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oblique
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passes through the body or an organ at an angle between a transverse plane
and either a midsagittal, parasigittal, or frontal plane |
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General Regions
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specific areas of the body
principal regions -head, neck, trunk, upper and lower limbs |
within the regions
specific body parts have common names and, are specified by corresponding anatomical terms. chest (thoracic), nose (nasal), and wrist (carpal). |
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Skeletal Regions
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Axial :
Head Vertebrae, Thoracic |
Appendicular:
Appendages Shoulder Pelvis |
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dorsal cavity
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cranial cavity: brain encased by skull
vertebral or spinal cavity: runs within vertebral column and encloses the spinal cord |
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ventral cavity
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houses the viscera, visceral organs
2 divisions divided by diaphragm thoracic abdominopelvic |
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other body cavities
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oral and digestive
nasal (respiratory system) orbital - eyes middle ear - temporal bone synovial - joint cavities |
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ventral
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thoracic
abdominopelvic |
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