Anatomy - Block One

Front 1

what are the superficial extrinsic back muscles?

Back 1

trapezius, latissimus dorsi

Front 2

what are the deep extrinsic back muscles?

Back 2

rhomboids, levator scapulae, serratus posterior (inferior and superior)

Front 3

what are the superfical intrinsic muscles?
Intermediate?
deep?

Back 3

splenius capitis and cervicis

erector spinae

semispinalis thoracis, multifundus and rotatores

Front 4

what is the purpose of throacolumbar fascia?

Back 4

in lower back and provides attatchment for muscles

Front 5

what is kyphosis

Back 5

humpback

Front 6

what is lordosis

Back 6

backward bending of spine which can be temporarly induced by pregnancy

Front 7

what is the sacral hiatus?

Back 7

opening on the dorsal side of hte sacrum and where a sacral nerve block (for anesthesia) is done

Front 8

what is ligamentum nuchae?

Back 8

neck ligament, helps extend neck, thick suprasinous ligament

Front 9

ligamentum flavum?

Back 9

helps support upright posture, spinal tap is done here

Front 10

what do longitudinal ligaments do?

Back 10

hold vertebral bodies together

Front 11

where is the posterior longitudinal ligament?

Back 11

is incomplete laterally, helps prevent hyperflexion of spine, adn contiumes btwn atlas and skull to form tectorila membrane

Front 12

where is the anterior longitudinal ligament?

Back 12

helps prevent hyperextension of spin and continues btwn atlas and skull to form anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Front 13

where can you find fibrous joints in the vertebrate?

Back 13

between spines, laminae, bodies, transverse processes of adj. vertebrae

Front 14

where can you find interarticular synovial joints in the vertebrea?

Back 14

btwn adj articular processes

Front 15

what is spondylolysis?

Back 15

bilateral defect in the pars interarticularis

Front 16

what is spondylolithsis?

Back 16

slippage of one vertebrae over another

Front 17

where would you find cartilaginous joints?

Back 17

intervertebral discs, btwn adj vertebral bodies, have tensile strength taht resists streching

Front 18

what are the 2 components of intervertebreal discs?

Back 18

annulus fibrosus
nucleus pulposus

Front 19

what is the function of extrinsic back muscles?

Back 19

attatch the superior appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton

Front 20

what is the function of the intrinsic back muscles?

Back 20

maintain posture and control movements of the vertebral column

Front 21

what are the muscles of the rotator cuff?

Back 21

SITS - supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Front 22

where is the first part of the axillary artery and what are its branch(es)?

Back 22

from the lateral border of 1st rib to medial border of of the pec minor. it has one branch - superior thoracic artery

Front 23

where is the second part of the axillary artery and what are its branch(es)?

Back 23

posterior to pec minor and has 2 branches - thoracoacromial and lateral thoracic arterteries

Front 24

where is the third part of the axillary artery and what are its branch(es)?

Back 24

lateral border of pec minor to inferior border of teres major: three brances - subscapular (largest), anterior humeral circumflex and posterior humeral circumflex

Front 25

the sugical neck of the humerus is in direct contact with which nerve?

Back 25

axillary

Front 26

the radial groove of the humerus is in direct contact with which nerve?

Back 26

radial nerve

Front 27

the distal end of the humerus is in direct contact with which nerve?

Back 27

median nerve

Front 28

the medial epicondyle of the humerus is in direct contact with which nerve?

Back 28

ulnar nerve

Front 29

what perpherates the costalcoracoid membrane?

Back 29

cephalic vein, lateral pectoral nerve, thoracromial artery

Front 30

sympathetic trunk

Back 30

paired nerve cords linking tgeh ganglia wich run paralles to the vertebral column

Front 31

communicating rami

Back 31

connections btw the spinal nerve adn teh sympathetic trunk and ganglia

Front 32

white communicating rami

Back 32

connect ventral primary rami w/ sympathetic ganglia - pathway for sypmathetic outflow from CNS to the sympathetic trunk and ganglia

Front 33

gray communicating rami

Back 33

connect the sympathetic ganglion w/ ventral primary rami - pathway for sympathetic outflow into spinal nerve branches

Front 34

what is a dermatome?

Back 34

area of skin supplied by a spinal cord segment

Front 35

what is a myotome?

Back 35

group of skeletal muscle innervated by one spinal cord segment (pair of venteral roots)

Front 36

wing of scapula when arm is flexed and dorsal pressure is applied occurs when?

Back 36

the long thoracic that innervates the serratus anterior is injured

Front 37

wing of scapula while the arm is abducted

Back 37

the accessory nerve that innervates the trapezius is injured

Front 38

which muscles elevate the scapula?

Back 38

trapezius (upper), levator scapulae, rhomboids

Front 39

which muscles depress the scapula?

Back 39

pec minor, trapezius (lower), serratus anterior, lat dorsi, pec major (indirectly), subclavius

Front 40

which muscles cause downward rotation of the scapula?

Back 40

rhomboid major, levator scapulae, pac major and minor

Front 41

which muscles upward rotation of the scapula?

Back 41

trapezius, serratus anterior

Front 42

which muscles cause protraction of the scapula?

Back 42

serratus anterior and pec major and minor

Front 43

which muscles cause retraction of the scapula?

Back 43

rhomboids, lat dorsi, trapezius