Anatomy Block 1 Embryo

Front 1

Vaginal atresia

Back 1

failure of sinovaginal bulbs to develop or vaginal plate to canalize

Front 2

Cryptorchidism

Back 2

undescended testes
-decreased testosterone causes failure of one or both testicles to descend in the scrotom

Front 3

gubernaculum persists as the

Back 3

scrotal ligament

Front 4

Congenital inguinal hernia

Back 4

persistence of connection between processus vaginalis and scrotal sac after 1st year of birth causing passage of intestinal loops in the scrotum

Front 5

Congenital Hydrocele

Back 5

partial persistence of a cystic cavity during obliteration of processus vaginalis that will be filled with serous fluid causing hydrocele of testis and or spermatic cord

Front 6

Hypospadias

Back 6

incomplete fusion of urethral folds leading to abnormal openings along the inferior aspect of shaft of hte penis (VENTRAL SIDE)

Front 7

Epispadias

Back 7

too far caudal genital tubercle causes opening on the dorsum of the penis with exposure of the urethra, Ususally exstophy of the bladder (DORSAL SIDE)

Front 8

Micropenis

Back 8

insufficient androgen stimulation
-endocrinal causes
-hypogonadism, hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction

Front 9

male sex chromosomal disorders

Back 9

Klinefelter(XXY)

Front 10

Klinefelters

Back 10

XXY
-testicular atrophy
-infertility

Front 11

Female sex chromosomal disorder

Back 11

Turner Syndrome

Front 12

Turner Syndrome

Back 12

45X
ovarian dysgenesis due to oocyte loss and not germ cell abnormalities

Front 13

True Hermaphroditism

Back 13

External genitalia- ambiguous or predominantly female
Both testes and ovaries (uterus is normally present)
46XX (70%)

Front 14

Female Pseudohermaphroditism

Back 14

46XX
Ovaries present but excess androgen which leads to variable masculinization of external genitalia (enlargement of clitoris to almost male genitalia)

Front 15

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome/ Male pseudohermaphroditism

Back 15

46XY
external genitalia is female
-lack androgen receptors(testosterone cant stimulate male differentiation)
- Testes PRESENT but NO spermatogenesis
-abscent uterus and uterine tubes with short blind vagina

Front 16

Urogenital system develops from

Back 16

intermediate mesoderm (urogenital ridge)

Front 17

mesoneohros developes into

Back 17

genital system in males

Front 18

what forms the permanent kidney

Back 18

metanephros
(starts working around week 10)

Front 19

exretory unit (nephrons) develop from

Back 19

metanpheric blastema

Front 20

collecting system of the kidney develop from

Back 20

ureteric bud

Front 21

ureteric bud forms

Back 21

renal pelvis --> major calyces--> minor calyces--> collecting tubules and renal papilla and forms a renal pyramis

Front 22

the babies kidney starts to produces urine at

Back 22

10 weeks

Front 23

kidney failure to ascend is called

Back 23

pelvic kidney

Front 24

the kidney may fuse caudally to form a horseshoe kidney which is arrested in its ascend by the

Back 24

inferior mesenteric artery

Front 25

renal agenesis

Back 25

kidney not form
-can happen unilaterally or bilaterally
-due to failure of the ureteric bud to contact metanephric mesoderm

Front 26

Bilateral renal agenesis results in

Back 26

decrease amniotic fluid (oligohydramnios) and is incompatible with postnatal survival

Front 27

Newborn spinal cord ends at

Back 27

L3

Front 28

Metanepheric mesoderms forms

Back 28

renal glomerulus+capillaires
Bowmans capsule
Proximal convoluted tubules
loop of henle
distal convoluted tubules

Front 29

Urinary bladder develops from

Back 29

outgrowth of mesopnephric duct; terminal end becomes bladder wall

Front 30

urachial fistula

Back 30

lumen of the allantois persists as the urachus forms. Urine dribbles from the umbilicus when the baby cries