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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy
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the study of body structures and their locations. the study of the relationships among body structures
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dissection
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the careful cutting apart of body structuresto study their relationships
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physiology
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the science of body functions-how body parts work
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Embryology
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The study of the development of the embryo
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Histology
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the study of microscopic structure of tissues
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Gross anatomy
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the study of body structures that can be examined without using a microscope
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Radiographic anatomy
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the study of body structures that can be visualized with x-rays
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Pathological anatomy
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the study of changes in body structures (from gross to microscope) associated with disease
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Neurophysiology
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the study of the function of the nerve cells
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Endocrinology
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the study of hormones (chemical regulators in the blood) and how they control body functions
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Immunology
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the study of the how the body defends itself against disease-causing agents
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Pathophysiology
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the study of the functional changes associated with disease and aging
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vascular
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blood vessels
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Cardiovascular physiology
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the study of the functions of the heart and blood vessels
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Respiratory Physiology
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the study of the functions of the air passageways and lungs
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Organs
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structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissues.
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System
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consist of related organs with a common function
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Organism
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any living individual
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Anatomical Position
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the assumed position of the human body...facing observe with arm to the side, palms up
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Supine Position
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the body lying face up
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Prone Position
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the body lying face down
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Head (Cephalic)
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consists of :skull (cranial)
face (facial) |
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Neck
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Cervical
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Forehead
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frontal
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Eye
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orbital
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Ear
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otic
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Cheek
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buccal
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Nose
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nasal
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Mouth
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oral
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Chin
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mental
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Armpit (upper limb)
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axillary
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Arm (upper limb)
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brachial
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Wrist (upper limb)
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carpal
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Fingers (upper limb)
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Phalangeal or digital
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Trunk
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consists of:
chest, abdomen, pelvis |
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Chest (trunk)
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thoracic
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Upper limb
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axillary, brachial, front of elbow, forearm, carpal, palm, phalangeal
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Breastbone (trunk)
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sternal
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Hip (trunk-abdomen)
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coxal
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Pubis (trunk-pelvis)
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pubic
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Thigh (lower limb)
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femoral
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Anterior surface of knee (lower limb)
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patellar
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Ankle (lower limb-foot)
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tarsal
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Toes (lower limb-foot)
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digital or phalangeal
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Foot (lower limb)
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pedal...consists of tarsal and phalangeal
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Top of foot (lower limb)
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dorsum
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Base of skull (head)
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occipital
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Shoulder (upper limb)
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acromial
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Shoulder blade (trunk)
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scapular
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Spinal column (trunk)
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vertebral
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back (trunk)
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dorsal
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lower back
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lumbar
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between hips (trunk)
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sacral
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buttocks (trunk)
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gluteal
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back of hand (upper limb)
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dorsum
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Superior
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Towards the head or the upper part of the structure
*cephalic or cranial-The heart is superior to the liver |
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Inferior
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Away from the head, or the lower part of the structure
*caudal-The stomach is inferior to the lungs |
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Anterior
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Nearer to or at the front of the body
*ventral-The sternum is anterior to the heart |
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Posterior
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Nearer to or at the back of the body
*dorsal-The esophagus is posterior to the trachea |
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Medial
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Nearer the midline
*The ulna is medial to the radius |
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Lateral
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Farther from the midline
*The lungs are lateral to the heart |
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Intermediate
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Between two structures
*The transverse colon in intermediate between the acending and decending colon |
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Ipsilateral
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On the same side of the body as another structure*
The gallbladder and ascending colon are ipsilateral |
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Contralateral
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On the opposite side of the body from another structure
*The ascending and descending colons are contralateral |
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Proximal
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Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the originationof the structure
*The humerus is proximal to the radius |
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Distal
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Farther from the attachment of a limb or trunk; farther from the origination of a structure
*The phalanges are distal to the carpals |
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Superficial
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Toward or on the surface of the body
*external-The ribs are superficial to the lungs |
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Deep
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Away from the surface of the body
*internal-The ribs are deep to the skin of the chest and back |
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planes
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imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body parts
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sagitt
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arrow
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Sagittal Plane
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a vertical planethat divides the body or an organ into right and left sides
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Midsagittal plane (Median plane)
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a plane that passes through the midline of the body or an organ and divides it into equal right and left sides
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para
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near
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Parasagittal Plane
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if the sagittal plane does not pass through the midline but instead divides the body or an organ into unequal right and left parts
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corona
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crown
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Frontal or Coronal Plane
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divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions
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Transverse Plane (cross-sectional or horizontal plane)
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divides the body or an organ inter superior (upper) and inteferior (lower) portions
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Oblique Plane
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passes through the body or an organ at an angle between a transverse plane and a sagittal plane or between a transverse plane and a frontal plane
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