Anatomy-Back,shoulder

Front 1

Trapezius - 1st Layer
Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?

Back 1

Attachment: occipital bone, nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7-T12, lateral 1/3 of clavicle, spine of scapula and acromion

Hint 1

Innervation: Accessory Cranial Nerve XI
Action: Elevation (upper fibers) and Depression (lower) of scapula, superior rotation of scapula, assists in retraction (middle fibers), assists in abduction

Front 2

Latissimus Dorsi - 1st Layer
Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?

Back 2

Attachment: sacral and lumbar spines via thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest via thoracolumbar fascia, lower 4 ribs, spinous processes T6-T12, inferior angle of scapula, intertubercular groove of humerus

Hint 2

Innervation: Thoracodorsal Nerve - comes from brachial plexus C6*, C7*, C8
Action: Extension, adduction, medial rotation of humerus

Front 3

Deltoid - 1st Layer
Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?

Back 3

Attachment: (4 points - 3 superior, 1 inferior)
Anterior: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Lateral: Acromion
Posterior: Spine of scapula
Inferior: Deltoid tuberocity of humerus

Hint 3

Innervation: Axillary nerve (from brachial plexus C5*, C6)
Action: humeral flexion, extension, abduction

Front 4

Rhomboid Major - 2nd Layer
Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?

Back 4

Attachment: Spinous processes of T2-T5, Medial scapula border

Hint 4

Innervation: Dorsal Scapular nerve from brachial plexus C5
Action: Retraction (adduction) of scapula, elevation of scapula

Front 5

Rhomboid Minor - 2nd Layer
Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?

Back 5

Attachment: Spinous processes C7 & T1, scapula medial border

Hint 5

Innervation: Dorsal Scapular nerve from brachial plexus C5
Action: Retraction (adduction) of scapula, elevation of scapula

Front 6

Levator Scapulae - 2nd Layer
Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?

Back 6

Attachment: Transverse processes of C1-C4, superior angle and top of medial border of scapula

Hint 6

Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve of brachial plexus C5
Action: Elevation of scapula (shrugging), inferior rotation of glenoid, lateral flexion of neck

Front 7

Serratus Posterior Inferior - 3rd Layer
Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?

Back 7

Attachment: Spinous processes T11-L2, ribs 9-12 (inferior border)

Hint 7

Innervation: Ventral fami T10 & T11 spinal nerves (intercostal nerves), ventral ramus T12 spinal nerve (subcostal nerve)
Action: Depression of ribs 9-12

Front 8

Serratus Posterior Superior - 3rd Layer
Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?

Back 8

Attachment: spinous processes C7-T3, ribs 2-5 (superior border)

Hint 8

Innervation: Ventral rami T1-T3, spinal nerves (intercostal)
Action: Elevation of ribs 2-5

Front 9

Serratus Anterior - 3rd Layer
Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?

Back 9

Attachment: Ribs 1-8, scapula medial border

Hint 9

Innervation: Long thoracic nerve from brachial plexus C5-C7
Action: Protraction (abduction) of scapula, medial rotation of scapula, stabilizes scapula (holds against thoracic wall)

Front 10

Teres Major - 2nd Layer
Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?

Back 10

Attachment: Inferior angle & lateral border of scapula, humerus (medial lip of intertubercular sulcus)

Hint 10

Innervation: Lower subscapular nerve from brachial plexus C6
Action: Medial rotation of arm, adduction of arm, extension of arm

Front 11

Erector Spinae (Sacrospinalis) - 4th Layer (deepest)
Innervation?
Action?

Back 11

Innervation: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerve

Hint 11

Action: Spinal extension, lateral bending

Front 12

Supraspinatus (Rotator Cuff muscle) - 3rd Layer
Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?

Back 12

Attachment: Supraspinous process of scapula, greater tubercle of humerus, sits in supraspinatus fossa

Hint 12

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve of brachial plexus C5
Action: Abduction of arm, holds head of humerus in glenoid fossa

Front 13

Infraspinatus (Rotator Cuff muscle) - 2nd Layer
Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?

Back 13

Attachment: Infraspinous fossa of scapula, greater tubercle of humerus, sits in infraspinus fossa

Hint 13

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve of brachial plexus C5
Action: Lateral rotation of arm, holds head of humerus in glenoid fossa

Front 14

Teres Minor (Rotator Cuff muscle) - 1st Layer
Attachment?
Innervation?
Action

Back 14

Attachment: Scapula lateral border, greater tubercle of humerus

Hint 14

Innervation: Axillary of brachial plexus C5
Action: Lateral rotation of arm, holds head of humerus in glenoid fossa, adduction of arm (weak)

Front 15

Supscapularis (Rotator Cuff muscle) - 2nd Layer
Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?

Back 15

Attachment: Scapula, subscapular fossa, humerus, lesser tubercle

Hint 15

Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerves
Action: Medial rotation of arm, holds head of humerus in glenoid

Front 16

Gluteus Maximus - 1st Layer
Innervation?
Action?

Back 16

Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve from ventral rami of L5-S2 spinal nerves

Hint 16

Action: Extension of thigh, lateral rotation of thigh

Front 17

Gluteus Medius - 2nd Layer
Innervation?
Action?

Back 17

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve from ventral rami of L4-S1 spinal nerves

Hint 17

Action: Abduction, medial rotation of thigh, squares pelvis during ambulation

Front 18

Gluteus Minimus - 3rd Layer
Innervation?
Action?

Back 18

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve from ventral rami of L4-S1 spinal nerves

Hint 18

Action: Abduction, medial rotation of thigh, squares pelvis

Front 19

Piriformis - 2nd Layer
Innervation?
Action?

Back 19

Innervation: S1

Hint 19

Action: Lateral rotation while in extension, abduction in flexion

Front 20

Obturator Internus - 3rd Layer
Innervation?
Action?

Back 20

Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus - comes from sacral plexus ventral of L5, S1 & S2 nerves

Hint 20

Action: Lateral rotation while in extension, abduction in flexion

Front 21

Quadratus Femoris - 3rd Layer
Innervation?
Action?

Back 21

Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris - from sacral plexus from L4, L5 & first sacral nerves

Hint 21

Action: Lateral rotation of thigh

Front 22

Gemelli (Superior and Inferior) - 3rd Layer
Innervation of each?
Action of both?

Back 22

Innervation
Gemellus Superior: nerve to obturator internus
Gemellus Inferior: nerve to quadratus femorus

Hint 22

Action: Lateral rotation of hip

Front 23

In a driving accident, disruption of the ____ allows for dens to herniate toward the spinal cord

Back 23

Transverse ligament

Front 24

Clinical correlation of thoracic spinal levels:
T3

Back 24

Level of spine of scapula

Front 25

Clinical correlation of thoracic spinal levels:
T7

Back 25

Inferior angle of scapula

Front 26

Clinical correlation of thoracic spinal levels:
T12

Back 26

Most commonly fractured vertebrae

Front 27

Landmark: C7

Back 27

Vertebrae prominens

Front 28

Landmark: L1-L3

Back 28

Level of end of spinal cord

Front 29

Landmark L4

Back 29

Iliac crest

Front 30

Outer fibrocartilage ring of disc of intervertebral discs

Back 30

Annulus fibrosis

Front 31

Central gelatinous portion of intervertebral discs

Back 31

Nucleus pulposus

Front 32

Narrowing of the spinal canal, puts pressure on the cauda equina; patient may experience bowl and bladder incontinence and "saddle" anesthesia

Back 32

Cauda equina syndrome

Front 33

Tearing of this is a common cause of low back pain

Back 33

Thoracolumbar fascia strain

Front 34

This can become damaged by an intramuscular injection

Back 34

Superior gluteal nerve
Also, sciatic nerve

Front 35

Pressure can be put on the sciatic nerve by this muscle, causing sciatica

Back 35

Piriformis