Anatomy Back Muscles

Front 1

ERECTOR SPINAE-SPINALIS

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 1

ORIGIN
Spinous processes
INSERTION
Spinous processes six levels above
ACTION
Lateral flexion of spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami

Front 2

ERECTOR SPINAE-ILIOCOSTALIS

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 2

ORIGIN
Iliac crest, sacrum, lumbar vertebrae
INSERTION
Ribs, cervical transverse processes
ACTION
Extends and lateral flexes spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami

Front 3

ERECTOR SPINAE-LONGISSIMUS

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 3

ORIGIN
Transverse processes
INSERTION
Transverse processes several levels above
ACTION
Extends spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami

Front 4

INFRASPINATUS

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 4

ORIGIN
Medial three quarters of infraspinous fossa of scapula and fibrous intermuscular septa
INSERTION
Middle facet of greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder joint
ACTION
Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
NERVE
Suprascapular nerve (C5, 6 ) (from upper trunk)

Front 5

INTERSPINALIS

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 5

ORIGIN
Spinous processes
INSERTION
Spinous processes one above
ACTION
Extension of spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami

Front 6

INTERTRANSVERSARII

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 6

ORIGIN
Transverse processes
INSERTION
Transverse processes one above
ACTION
Lateral flexes spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami

Front 7

LATISSIMUS DORSI

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 7

ORIGIN
Spine T7, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of all lower thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, lumbar fascia, posterior third iliac crest, last four ribs (interdigitating with external oblique abdominis) and inferior angle of scapula
INSERTION
Floor of bicipital groove of humerus after spiraling around teres major
ACTION
Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm. Costal attachment helps with deep inspiration and forced expiration
NERVE
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, 7, 8) (from posterior cord)

Front 8

LEVATOR SCAPULAE

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 8

ORIGIN
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-4
INSERTION
Upper part of medial border of scapula
ACTION
Raises medial border of scapula
NERVE
Anterior primary rami of C3 and C4 and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Front 9

LEVATORES COSTARUM

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 9

ORIGIN
Transverse processes C7 to T11
INSERTION
Posterior surface and angle of rib below
ACTION
Elevates ribs
NERVE
Posterior primary rami

Front 10

OBLIQUUS CAPITIS INFERIOR

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 10

ORIGIN
Spinous process of axis (C2)
INSERTION
Lateral mass of atlas (C1)
ACTION
Rotates atlanto-axial joint
NERVE
Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary ramus of C1)

Front 11

OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 11

ORIGIN
Lateral mass of atlas (C1)
INSERTION
Lateral half inferior nuchal line
ACTION
Lateral flexes atlanto-occipital joint
NERVE
Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary ramus of C1)

Front 12

RECTUS CAPITUS POSTERIOR MAJOR

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 12

ORIGIN
Spinous process of axis (C2)
INSERTION
Lateral half of inferior nuchal line
ACTION
Extends and rotates atlanto-occipital joint
NERVE
Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary ramus C1)

Front 13

RECTUS CAPITUS POSTERIOR MINOR
Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 13

ORIGIN
Posterior process of atlas (C1)
INSERTION
Medial half of inferior nuchal line
ACTION
Extends and rotates atlanto-occipital joint
NERVE
Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary ramus C1)

Front 14

RHOMBOID MAJOR

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 14

ORIGIN
Spines of T2-T5 and supraspinous ligaments
INSERTION
Lower half of posteromedial border of scapula, from angle to upper part of triangular area at base of scapular spine
ACTION
Retracts scapula. Rotates scapula to rest position
NERVE
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) (from root )

Front 15

RHOMBOID MINOR

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 15

ORIGIN
Lower ligamentum nuchea, spines of C7 and T1
INSERTION
Small area of posteromedial border of scapula at level of spine, below levator scapulae
ACTION
Retracts scapula. Rotates lower scapula back to rest position
NERVE
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) (from root)

Front 16

SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 16

ORIGIN
Spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of T11-L2
INSERTION
Posterior aspect of ribs 9-12
ACTION
Assists forced expiration
NERVE
Anterior primary rami (T9-12)

Front 17

SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 17

ORIGIN
Spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of C7-T2
INSERTION
Posterior aspect of ribs 2-5
ACTION
Assists forced inspiration
NERVE
Anterior primary rami (T2-5)

Front 18

SPLENIUS CAPITIS


Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 18

ORIGIN
Lower ligament nuchae, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments T1-3
INSERTION
Lateral occiput between superior and inferior nuchal lines
ACTION
Extends and rotates cervical spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami of C3, 4

Front 19

SPLENIUS CERVICIS

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 19

ORIGIN
Spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of T3-6
INSERTION
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-3
ACTION
Extends and rotates cervica spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami of C5, 6

Front 20

SUPRASPINATUS

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 20

ORIGIN
Medial three quarters of supraspinous fossa of scapula, upper surface of spine (bipennate)
INSERTION
Superior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder joint
ACTION
Abducts arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
NERVE
Suprascapular nerve (C5, 6)(from upper trunk)

Front 21

TERES MAJOR

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 21

ORIGIN
Oval area (lower third) of lateral side of inferior angle of scapula below teres minor
INSERTION
Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus
ACTION
Medially rotates and adducts arm. Stabilizes shoulder joint
NERVE
Lower subscapular nerve (C5, 6) (from posterior cord)

Front 22

TERES MINOR

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 22

ORIGIN
Middle third lateral border of scapula above teres major
INSERTION
Inferior facet of greater tuberosity of humerus (below infraspinatus) and capsule of shoulder joint
ACTION
laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
NERVE
Axillary nerve (C5, 6) (from posterior cord)

Front 23

TRANSVERSOSPINALIS-MULTIFIDUS

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 23

ORIGIN
Laminae of vertebra
INSERTION
Spinous processes two to three levels above
ACTION
Extends spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami

Front 24

TRANSVERSOSPINALIS-ROTATORES

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 24

ORIGIN
Transverse processes
INSERTION
Spinous processes one above
ACTION
Rotates spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami

Front 25

TRANSVERSOSPINALIS-SEMISPINALES


Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 25

ORIGIN
Transverse processes
INSERTION
Spinous processes above and occipital bone (only semispinalis capitis part shown)
ACTION
Extends head and spine and lateral flexes spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami

Front 26

TRAPEZIUS

Name; Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve

Back 26

ORIGIN
Medial third superior nuchal line, ligament nuchae, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments to T12
INSERTION
Upper fibers to lateral third of posterior border of clavicle; lower to medial acromion and superior lip of spine of scapula to deltoid tubercle
ACTION
laterally rotates, elevates and retracts scapula. If scapula is fixed, extends and laterally flexes neck
NERVE
Spinal accessory nerve (C1-5)(spinal nerves C3 and C4 for proprioception)