Anatomy: Axilla

Front 1

Is the axillary vein surrounded by sheath?

Back 1

no

Front 2

What is a continuation of the fascia associated with the anterior and middle scalene muscle?

Back 2

Axillary Sheath

Front 3

What does the axillary sheath surround?

Back 3

nerves of the brachial plexus and the axillary artery

Front 4

Where is the axillary sheath located?

Back 4

Apex of the axilla

Front 5

Where does the apex of the axillay end?

Back 5

Cervicoaxillary canal which leads into the posterior triangle of the neck

Front 6

What forms the base of the axilla?

Back 6

Axillary fasica and skin

Front 7

What forms the anterior wall of the axilla?

Back 7

pectoralis major and minor, clavipectoral fascia

Front 8

What forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

Back 8

subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi

Front 9

What forms the medial wall of the axilla?

Back 9

first 4 ribs and intercostal muscles, upper part of serratus anterior

Front 10

What forms the lateral wall of the axilla?

Back 10

humerus, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii

Front 11

What is thought of as the central structure of the axilla?

Back 11

Axillary Artery

Front 12

What is the area in which the apex of the axilla reaches the neck?

Back 12

Cervicoaxillary canal

Front 13

What is the cervicoaxillary canal bounded anteriorly by?

Back 13

Clavical

Front 14

What is the cervicoaxillary canal bounded posteriorly by?

Back 14

scapula

Front 15

What is the cervicoaxillary canal bounded medially by?

Back 15

1st rib

Front 16

Where does the intercostalbrachial nerve originate?

Back 16

2nd intercostal space

Front 17

What is the lateral branch of the second intercostal nerve (T2)?

Back 17

Intercostalbrachial nerve

Front 18

What does the intercostalbrachial nerve supply?

Back 18

supplies the lateral chest wall and continues into the arm region, supplying the medial area the arm

Front 19

Where are the axillary lymph nodes located?

Back 19

in the fat of the axilla

Front 20

Where does the axillary artery begin?

Back 20

lateral border of the first rib

Front 21

Which artery is in the first part of the axillary artery?

Back 21

Superior (supreme) Thoracic artery

Front 22

Which arteries are in the second part of the axillary artery?

Back 22

Thoracoacromial artery
Lateral Thoracic artery

Front 23

What arteries are in the third part of the axillary artery?

Back 23

Anterior circumflex humoral artery
Posterior circumflux humoral artery
Subscapular artery

Front 24

What is the largest artery in the third division of the axillary artery?

Back 24

Subscapular

Front 25

Where does the thoracodorsal artery go?

Back 25

to the lats

Front 26

What does the lateral thoracic artery supply?

Back 26

Breasts

Front 27

Where does the circumflex scapular enter?

Back 27

the infraspinous fossa and forms an anastomosis with the suprascapular artery

Front 28

What nerve does the posterior circumflex humeral artery accompany through the quadrilateral space?

Back 28

Axillary

Front 29

What does the subscapular artery branch into?

Back 29

Circumflex scapular and thoracadorsal artery

Front 30

Where is the axiallary artery continuous with the brachial artery?

Back 30

at the lateral border of the teres major muscle

Front 31

What forms the posterior triangle of the neck?

Back 31

the anterior border of the trapezius muscle, the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and the superior border of the clavicle

Front 32

What is the significance of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Back 32

Part of the brachial plexus is found here

Front 33

Generally, where is the BP located?

Back 33

half above and half below the clavicle

Front 34

Where do the trunks of the BP lie?

Back 34

Between the anterior and middle scalene muscles

Front 35

What are the general divisions of the BP?

Back 35

Roots (Ventral Rami) --> Trunks -->Divisions --> Cords --> Branches (Nerves)

Front 36

Where does the BP originate?

Back 36

ventral rami (roots) of cervical nerves C5 – C8, and T1

Front 37

What roots form the superior trunk?

Back 37

C5-C6

Front 38

What roots form the middle trunk?

Back 38

C7

Front 39

What roots form the inferior trunk?

Back 39

C8-T1

Front 40

What nerves are contained in the lateral cord?

Back 40

C5,C6, C7

Front 41

What nerves are contained in the medial cord?

Back 41

C8, T1

Front 42

What nerves are contained in the posterior cord?

Back 42

C5-T1

Front 43

What nerve roots are associated with the Musculocutaneous Nerve?

Back 43

C5-C7

Front 44

What nerve roots are associated with the Ulnar Nerve?

Back 44

C8, T1

Front 45

What nerve roots are associated with the Axillary and Radial Nerves?

Back 45

C5-T1

Front 46

What nerve roots are associated with the Median Nerve?

Back 46

C5-T1

Front 47

Where is the lateral pectoral nerve derived from?

Back 47

Lateral cord of the BP

Front 48

Where is the musculocutaneous branch derived from?

Back 48

Lateral Cord

Front 49

Where is the ulnar branch derived from?

Back 49

Medial root of the Median nerve

Front 50

Where do the axillary and radial branches derive from?

Back 50

Posterior Cord

Front 51

From what is the median branch derived from?

Back 51

The union of the lateral root and medial root from the lateral and medial cords

Front 52

Where is the thoracadorsal nerve derived from?

Back 52

Posterior cord

Front 53

Where are the upper and lower subscapular nerves derived from?

Back 53

Posterior cord

Front 54

Where does the medial pectoral nerve originate?

Back 54

Medial cord

Front 55

Where do the medial brachial cutaneous and the antebrachial cutaneous originate?

Back 55

Medial cord

Front 56

Where does the lateral cord originate?

Back 56

Anterior division of the superior trunk and anterior division of the middle trunk

Front 57

Where does the posterior cord originate?

Back 57

The posterior division from all trunks (superior, middle and inferior)

Front 58

Where does the medial cord originate?

Back 58

Anterior division of the inferior trunk

Front 59

What is incomplete paralysis?

Back 59

Paresis

Front 60

Extensor muscles are innervated by nerves derived from where?

Back 60

the posterior cord (exception: brachioradialis).

Front 61

What else is an upper brachial plexus injury known as?

Back 61

Erb-Duchenne Palsy

Front 62

What spinal roots does an upper brachial plexus injury effect?

Back 62

C5 and C6

Front 63

When would an Erb-Ducheene Palsy injury occur?

Back 63

An increase in angle between the neck and shoulder or during the delivery of a baby

Front 64

What would the clinical feature of an upper brachial plexus injury be?

Back 64

Adducted arm, medial rotation of the humerus and an extended elbow

Front 65

When would a "waiter's tip" position of the hand occur?

Back 65

Erb-Duchenne Palsy

Front 66

In an upper brachial plexus injury, the injured ventral rami will no longer supply the lateral rotators and the abductors of the arm. What are the lateral rotators and abductors that are affected?

Back 66

Lateral (infraspinatus and teres minor)
Abductors (supraspinatus and deltoid)

Front 67

In an upper brachial plexus injury where both C5 and C6 are involved, where will the loss of sensation occur?

Back 67

The lateral upper limb

Front 68

Will there be a loss of sensation of the lesion is just confined to C5 in an Erb-Duchenne Palsy?

Back 68

No sensory change

Front 69

What is a lower brachial plexus injury also known as?

Back 69

Klumpke Paralysis

Front 70

What nerves are injured in a Klumpke paralysis?

Back 70

C8-T1

Front 71

When would a Klumpke Paralysis occur?

Back 71

When the upper limb is suddenly pulled superiorly or a baby's limb is pulled excessively during delivery

Front 72

What are the clinical features of a Klumpke Paralysis?

Back 72

atrophy of the intrinsic (short) muscles of the hand

Front 73

What type of injury would a "Claw Hand" occur?

Back 73

Klumpke Paralysis

Front 74

What injury to the BP is most common?

Back 74

Erb-Duchenne Palsy (Upper BP damage)

Front 75

What is the synovial joint between the acromion and the clavicle?

Back 75

Acromioclavicular joint

Front 76

What is usually present in the acromioclavicular joint>

Back 76

articular disc

Front 77

What joins the acromion and the clavicle?

Back 77

Acromioclavicular ligament

Front 78

What is the strong ligament composed of two parts (trapezoid and conoid) that anchors the distal clavicle to the coracoid process?

Back 78

Coracoclavicular Ligament

Front 79

What is the ligament extending from the acromion to the coracoid process that provides a protective arch above the head of the humerus?

Back 79

Coracroacromial Ligament

Front 80

During injury to the axillary nerve, in addition to atrophy of the deltoid, a loss of sensation may occur over the lateral side of the proximal part of the arm, an area supplied by what?

Back 80

Superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm

Front 81

What is it called when the superiormost root of the BP is C4 and the inferiormost root is C8?

Back 81

Prefixed BP

Front 82

What is it called when the superiormost root of the BP is C6 and the inferiormost root is T2?

Back 82

Postfixed BP

Front 83

In what variation of the BP could the inferor trunk of the plexus be compressed by the first rib, producing neurovascular symptoms in the upper limb?

Back 83

Postfixed BP

Front 84

Avulses

Back 84

Tears

Front 85

What muscles, supplied by C5 and C6 spinal nerves are paralyzed?

Back 85

Deltoid, Biceps and brachialis

Front 86

What is backpacker's palsy?

Back 86

A superior brachial plexus injury

Front 87

What is hyperabduction syndrome?

Back 87

Results from compression of the axillary vessels and nerves

Front 88

Where is a brachial plexus block injected?

Back 88

into or immediately surrounding the axillary sheath

Front 89

From where does the axillary artery originate?

Back 89

Subclavian artery

Front 90

What often happens when the 1st or 2nd parts of the axillary artery are injured or obstructed?

Back 90

The subscaular artery branches may anastomose with branches of the subclavian on and around the scapula to form routes of collateral circulation

Front 91

What groups of nodes make up the axillary group of lymph nodes?

Back 91

pectoral, subscapular, humeral, central and apical