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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the 4 functional types of neurons? Which is responsible for the autonomic nervous system?
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GVA, GVE, GSA, GSE; GVE
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what makes the GVE neuron distinct from the others?
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it is a 2-neuron chain
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where are GVA neurons located in relation to GVE neurons?
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in the same nerves
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the first neuron of the two-neuron GVE chain has its cell body in the ____ while the second neuron has its cell body in the _____.
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CNS; PNS
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the synapse between two neurons of the GVE chain occurs where?
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within the ganglion
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what is the name for the axon of the first GVE neuron? The second?
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preganglionic fiber; postganglionic fiber
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what are the two divisiong of the ANS?
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sympathetic and parasympathetic
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are visceral structures innervated by sympathetic or parasympathetic neurons?
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both
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which structures are only innervated by sympathetic neurons?
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sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, adrenal medulla, most blood vessels
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which two blood vessels receive both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation?
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coronary vessels and vessels of the genetalia
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do sympathetic neurons vasocontrict or vasodilate blood vessels?
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both
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what determines the effect that sympathetic innervation will have on a blood vessel?
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type of receptor
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what is the region that preganglionic cell bodies of sympathetic neurons are found?
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T1-L2/L3
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which horn of the spinal cord are preganglionic cell bodies most commonly found?
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lateral
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through which root do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers exit the spinal cord?
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ventral root
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from the ventral root, how does the preganglionic fiber enter the sympathetic chain?
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via the white ramus communicans
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what are the 4 categories of sympathetic destinations?
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limbs and body wall, head, thoracic cavity, abdominal/pelvic cavities
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where are the paravertebral ganglia located?
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in two chains located on the lateral aspects of the vertebral column and extend from the base of the skull to the coccyx
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where are prevertebral ganglia located?
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in aortic and pelvic plexuses on the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta and within the pelvic cavity
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which sympathetic nerves synapse in the prevertebral ganglia?
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those traveling to the abdominal and pelvic cavities (splanchnic nerves)
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fibers traveling to the limbs or body wall follow which path once entering the sympathetic chain?
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travel in chain to target spinal level, synapse in the chain ganglia, exit the chain through the gray ramus communicans and travel in VPR or DPR to reach destination
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in which ganglia do fibers traveling to the head synapse? Via which nerves do they exit the chain?
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superior cervical ganglia; external and internal carotid arteries which form plexuses on major arteries of head
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at which region of the spinal cord do the fibers traveling to the thoracic cavity synapse? Via which nerves do they exit the sympathetic chain? How do they reach their targets?
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C1-T5; cardiac nerves; cardiac/pulmonary/esophageal plexuses
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what is unique about the fibers traveling to abdominal or pelvic cavities?
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they exit the sympathetic chain without synapsing
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via which nerves do fibers traveling to abdominal or pelvic cavities exit the sympathetic chain? Which plexuses do they enter? Where do they synapse?
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splanchnic nerves; aortic and pelvic plexuses; prevertebral ganglia
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which targets of the SNS are accessed via the grey ramus communicans?
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blood vessels, arrector pili muscles, and sweat glands in the limbs/body wall
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where are white rami communicans located? Grey?
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from T1-L2/3; all along sympathetic chain
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where are preganglionic cell bodies of parasympathetic neurons found?
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in brainstem(associated with certain cranial nerves) or in 2nd-4th sacral segment of the spinal cord
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what is the name for the nerves in which parasympathetic fibers from sacral segments arise?
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pelvic splanchnic nerves
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which cranial nerves accommodate the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers originating in the brainstem?
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III, VII, IX, X
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where do parasympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse?
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in parasympathetic ganglia that are located throughout the body
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are the parasympathetic ganglia located near to or far from the target organs or glands?
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near to
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are postganglionic parasympathetic fibers shorter or longer than preganglionic fibers?
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shorter
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what is the biggest difference between the targets of parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons?
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parasympathetic neurons do not travel to limbs or body wall
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what is the primary role of most GVA fibers?
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unconscious reflexes
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what are examples of visceral sensations?
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pain, distention, cramps
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is visceral pain well or poorly localized?
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poorly
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to where is visceral pain oftern referred?
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to a cutaneous site
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what does it mean to say that certain visceral structures are insensitive to pain?
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their GVA fibers do not carry pain sensations
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in general do GVA pain fibers travel with sympathetic or parasympathetic fibers? GVA reflex fibers?
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sympathetic; parasympathetic
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what is the most important rule when considering the path of GVA neurons to CNS?
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they take the shortest path
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what is the shape of the GVA neurons? Cell bodies are normally located where?
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pseudounipolar; dorsal root ganglia
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are GVA fibers part of the ANS?
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no
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where are cell bodies of GVA fibers in cranial nerves located?
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in special sensory ganglia in the head
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