Anatomy - Autonomic Nervous System

Front 1

what are the 4 functional types of neurons? Which is responsible for the autonomic nervous system?

Back 1

GVA, GVE, GSA, GSE; GVE

Front 2

what makes the GVE neuron distinct from the others?

Back 2

it is a 2-neuron chain

Front 3

where are GVA neurons located in relation to GVE neurons?

Back 3

in the same nerves

Front 4

the first neuron of the two-neuron GVE chain has its cell body in the ____ while the second neuron has its cell body in the _____.

Back 4

CNS; PNS

Front 5

the synapse between two neurons of the GVE chain occurs where?

Back 5

within the ganglion

Front 6

what is the name for the axon of the first GVE neuron? The second?

Back 6

preganglionic fiber; postganglionic fiber

Front 7

what are the two divisiong of the ANS?

Back 7

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Front 8

are visceral structures innervated by sympathetic or parasympathetic neurons?

Back 8

both

Front 9

which structures are only innervated by sympathetic neurons?

Back 9

sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, adrenal medulla, most blood vessels

Front 10

which two blood vessels receive both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation?

Back 10

coronary vessels and vessels of the genetalia

Front 11

do sympathetic neurons vasocontrict or vasodilate blood vessels?

Back 11

both

Front 12

what determines the effect that sympathetic innervation will have on a blood vessel?

Back 12

type of receptor

Front 13

what is the region that preganglionic cell bodies of sympathetic neurons are found?

Back 13

T1-L2/L3

Front 14

which horn of the spinal cord are preganglionic cell bodies most commonly found?

Back 14

lateral

Front 15

through which root do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers exit the spinal cord?

Back 15

ventral root

Front 16

from the ventral root, how does the preganglionic fiber enter the sympathetic chain?

Back 16

via the white ramus communicans

Front 17

what are the 4 categories of sympathetic destinations?

Back 17

limbs and body wall, head, thoracic cavity, abdominal/pelvic cavities

Front 18

where are the paravertebral ganglia located?

Back 18

in two chains located on the lateral aspects of the vertebral column and extend from the base of the skull to the coccyx

Front 19

where are prevertebral ganglia located?

Back 19

in aortic and pelvic plexuses on the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta and within the pelvic cavity

Front 20

which sympathetic nerves synapse in the prevertebral ganglia?

Back 20

those traveling to the abdominal and pelvic cavities (splanchnic nerves)

Front 21

fibers traveling to the limbs or body wall follow which path once entering the sympathetic chain?

Back 21

travel in chain to target spinal level, synapse in the chain ganglia, exit the chain through the gray ramus communicans and travel in VPR or DPR to reach destination

Front 22

in which ganglia do fibers traveling to the head synapse? Via which nerves do they exit the chain?

Back 22

superior cervical ganglia; external and internal carotid arteries which form plexuses on major arteries of head

Front 23

at which region of the spinal cord do the fibers traveling to the thoracic cavity synapse? Via which nerves do they exit the sympathetic chain? How do they reach their targets?

Back 23

C1-T5; cardiac nerves; cardiac/pulmonary/esophageal plexuses

Front 24

what is unique about the fibers traveling to abdominal or pelvic cavities?

Back 24

they exit the sympathetic chain without synapsing

Front 25

via which nerves do fibers traveling to abdominal or pelvic cavities exit the sympathetic chain? Which plexuses do they enter? Where do they synapse?

Back 25

splanchnic nerves; aortic and pelvic plexuses; prevertebral ganglia

Front 26

which targets of the SNS are accessed via the grey ramus communicans?

Back 26

blood vessels, arrector pili muscles, and sweat glands in the limbs/body wall

Front 27

where are white rami communicans located? Grey?

Back 27

from T1-L2/3; all along sympathetic chain

Front 28

where are preganglionic cell bodies of parasympathetic neurons found?

Back 28

in brainstem(associated with certain cranial nerves) or in 2nd-4th sacral segment of the spinal cord

Front 29

what is the name for the nerves in which parasympathetic fibers from sacral segments arise?

Back 29

pelvic splanchnic nerves

Front 30

which cranial nerves accommodate the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers originating in the brainstem?

Back 30

III, VII, IX, X

Front 31

where do parasympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse?

Back 31

in parasympathetic ganglia that are located throughout the body

Front 32

are the parasympathetic ganglia located near to or far from the target organs or glands?

Back 32

near to

Front 33

are postganglionic parasympathetic fibers shorter or longer than preganglionic fibers?

Back 33

shorter

Front 34

what is the biggest difference between the targets of parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons?

Back 34

parasympathetic neurons do not travel to limbs or body wall

Front 35

what is the primary role of most GVA fibers?

Back 35

unconscious reflexes

Front 36

what are examples of visceral sensations?

Back 36

pain, distention, cramps

Front 37

is visceral pain well or poorly localized?

Back 37

poorly

Front 38

to where is visceral pain oftern referred?

Back 38

to a cutaneous site

Front 39

what does it mean to say that certain visceral structures are insensitive to pain?

Back 39

their GVA fibers do not carry pain sensations

Front 40

in general do GVA pain fibers travel with sympathetic or parasympathetic fibers? GVA reflex fibers?

Back 40

sympathetic; parasympathetic

Front 41

what is the most important rule when considering the path of GVA neurons to CNS?

Back 41

they take the shortest path

Front 42

what is the shape of the GVA neurons? Cell bodies are normally located where?

Back 42

pseudounipolar; dorsal root ganglia

Front 43

are GVA fibers part of the ANS?

Back 43

no

Front 44

where are cell bodies of GVA fibers in cranial nerves located?

Back 44

in special sensory ganglia in the head