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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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parallel pattern
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fasciculi || with longitudinal axis, terminate at either end in flat tendons, ie stylohyoid muscle
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modified parallel pattern
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fusiform, fasciculi nearly || like || fasciculi but muscle tapers to tendon, i.e. biceps brachii
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convergent pattern
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broad origin of fasciculi converges to a narrow, restricted insertion, i.e. pectoralis major
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pennate pattern
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penna=feather, fasciculi are short in relation to entire muscle length, tendon exceeds length of muscle, fasciculi directed obliquely toward tendon
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unipennate
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fasciculi only on one side of tendon
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bipennate
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fasciculi on both sides of tendon
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multipennate
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several tendons, fibers attach obliquely
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circular pattern
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fasciculi oriented in a circular pattern, orbicularis oris
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rectus
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muscle is straight usually || to midline, i.e. rectus abdominus, rectus femoris
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transverse
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muscle perpendicular to midline, i.e. transversus abdominus
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oblique
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muscle lies diagonal to the midline, i.e. external abdominal oblique
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criteria for muscle nomenclature
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direction of fibers, location, size, number of origins, shape, origin and inserion, action, specific movements
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maximus
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largest, i.e. gluteus maximus
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minimus
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smallest
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longus
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long
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brevis
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short
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latissimus
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widest
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biceps
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two origins, coracoid procees of scapula, superglenoid tubercle
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triceps
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three origins, infraglenoid tubercle, humerus-posterior aspect, humerus-lateral aspect
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flexor
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decreases anterior angle at joint-flexion
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extensor
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increases anterior angle at joint-extension
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abductor
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away form midline-abduction
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adductor
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toward midline-adduction
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levator
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upward movement-elevation
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depressor
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downward movement-depression
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supinator
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palm to interior-supination
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pronator
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turns palm posterior-prontation
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sphincter
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squeezes or decreases size of an orifice
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