Anatomy And Physiology Two Test Two

Front 1

distribution

Back 1

delivers oxygen from lungs and nutrients from GI tract transports metabolic waste, transports hormons

Front 2

Regulation

Back 2

maintains body temp via capillaries, maintains normal ph via buffer systems, maintains adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system

Front 3

protection

Back 3

prevent blood loss , prevent infection

Front 4

why blood a connective tissue?

Back 4

composed of cells in a fluid matrix and because dissolved proteins fibrin threads during the clotting process

Front 5

leukocytes

Back 5

white blood cells, granulocytes, and agranulocytes

Front 6

monocytes

Back 6

kidney shaped they leave the bloodstream and entered the tissues and differentiate into highly mobile macrophages that are phagocytic for viruses

Front 7

erythropoietin

Back 7

released from kidneys and stimulates RBC production

Front 8

rh factor

Back 8

rh antibodies are not preformed in the blood. they develop when the person who is rh negative is exposed to rh blood

Front 9

hemostasis

Back 9

the ability to stop bleeding

Front 10

platelets

Back 10

release platelet derived growth factor. that stimulate smooth muscle cells and fibroblast to divide and rebuild the endothelial wall of the vessel

Front 11

fibrinolysis

Back 11

removal of clot as healing occurs plasmon a fibrin digesting enzyme produced from plasminogen which is naturally incorporated into clot during clot formation

Front 12

antigens

Back 12

cause vigorous transfusion reaction

Front 13

antibody

Back 13

May contain anti-a or anti-b that act against transfusion RBC with ABO antigens not normally present

Front 14

heme pigment of RBC

Back 14

is degraded into billrubin

Front 15

hemocytoblast

Back 15

hematopoietic stem cells.

Front 16

tunic intima

Back 16

covered with endothelium that lines lumen of all blood vessels (type blood vessel)

Front 17

tunica media

Back 17

is elastin circularly arranged smooth muscles cells that are regulated by the sympathetic nervous system

Front 18

tunica externa

Back 18

outermost layer is collagen fibers that protect and reinforce the vessels and anchor It to surrounding structures

Front 19

simple squamous cells

Back 19

make up endothelium of the blood vessels and are continuous with the heart

Front 20

average blood pressure

Back 20

120/80mmhg

Front 21

continuous capillaries

Back 21

abundant in skin and muscle

Front 22

fenestrated capillaries

Back 22

small intestine, endocrine organs, and kidneys

Front 23

sinusoidal capillaries

Back 23

liver, bone marrow, spleen, and adrenal medulla

Front 24

systolic

Back 24

opening the aortic semilunar valve expanding the aorta

Front 25

diastolic

Back 25

aortic seminar valve closes and the pressure left in the aorta

Front 26

vasa vasorum

Back 26

larger vessel with their own blood supply

Front 27

elastic arteries

Back 27

conducting arteries, thick walled arteries near the heart, low resistance that conduct blood from heart to medium sized arteries

Front 28

muscular arteries

Back 28

distributing arteries deliver blood to specific body areas or organs have thick tunica media with more smooth muscles than elastin

Front 29

arterioles

Back 29

smallest of arteries and tunica media is mostly smooth muscle with few elastic fibers for vasoconstriction that regulates blood flow in response to neural, hormonal, and local chemical changes

Front 30

chemoreceptors

Back 30

send impulses the cardioacceleratory center which increase cardiac output and to the vasomotor center which causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels.

Front 31

renin

Back 31

is produced when arterial blood pressure declines. is ultimately results in the production of angiotensin II which is a potent vasoconstrictor

Front 32

baroreceptors, carotid sinus, and aortic arch

Back 32

in the walls of large artery of neck and thorax. stretching baroreceptors sends a rapid stream of impulse to the vasomotor center resulting in decline in blood pressure they respond rapidly to change in blood pressure for example going from reclinded to standing position activate the carotid sinus reflex to protect blood supply to the brain and aortic reflex to maintain blood pressure

Front 33

peripheral resistance

Back 33

resistance the opposition, friction, to blood flow. blood viscosity increases so does resistance. blood vessel length as length increases so does resistance. blood vessel diameter decreasing size of the lumen will increase resistance

Front 34

pericardium

Back 34

protects, anchors, and prevents overfilling.

Front 35

heart beat and blood/minute

Back 35

75/min

Front 36

artia muscle

Back 36

coronary sulcus

Front 37

ventricles muscles

Back 37

interventricuar sulci

Front 38

two sounds lub dub

Back 38

1. occurs as AV valves close
2. occurs when SL valves close

Front 39

ECG

Back 39

P wave: depolarization of SA node
QRS complex: ventricular depolarization
T wave: ventricular repolarization

Front 40

affecting stroke volume are

Back 40

1. preload
2. contractility
3. afterload

Front 41

sympathetic nervous system

Back 41

activated by emotional or physical stressors. morphine causes the pacemaker to fire more rapidly

Front 42

parasympathetic nervous system

Back 42

opposes sympathetic effects. acetylcholine hyperpolarizes pacemaker cells by opening K+ channels

Front 43

Bainbridge reflex

Back 43

atrial reflex, a sympathetic reflex initiated by increased venous return and increase atrial filling

Front 44

hypokalemia

Back 44

an increase in potassium interferes with depolarization by lowering the resting portential and could lead to cardiac arrest and decrease in potassium causes the heart to beat arrhythmically