Anatomy And Physiology Test 2 Part 1--Joints

Front 1

diarthrotic joints

Back 1

freely movable

ex shoulder, knee, wrist, etc

Front 2

amphiarthrotic joints

Back 2

slightly movable

ex intervertebral discs

Front 3

synarthrotic joints

Back 3

immovable

ex tooth in socket

Front 4

synostosis

Back 4

2 bones fused into one by bone tissue

1. formed at various ages

2. no mobility

3. not considered a joint

ex coxal bones by adulthood, skull bones after middle age

Front 5

fibrous joints

Back 5

1. bones joined by dense regular CT which is usually called a ligament

2. mobility--synarthrotic to diarthrotic

Includes

1. suture

2. syndesmosis

3. gomphosis

Front 6

suture

Back 6

between skull bones--synarthrotic

Front 7

syndesmosis

Back 7

length of fibers variers, determines mobility

(distal tibiofibular joint--synarthrotic. interosseous membrane in the forearm--diarthrotic)

Front 8

gomphosis

Back 8

between tooth and socket--synarthrotic

Front 9

cartilaginous joints

Back 9

bones joined by cartilage

1. synchondrosis

2. symphysis

Front 10

synchondrosis

Back 10

bones joined by hyalin cartilage

ex epiphyseal plate (synarthrotic), 1st sternocostal joint (very first rib with the sternum, synarthrotic)

Front 11

symphysis

Back 11

main cartilage is fibrocartilage, may contain hyaline cartilage as well (very small component)

ex intervertebral disc(amphiarthrotic)

pubic symphysis (amphiarthrotic)

Front 12

synovial joints

Back 12

1. bones separated by a fluid containing joint cavity

2. all are freely movable, ie diarthrotic

3. made of hyaline cartilage

4. absorbs compression forces to protect bones from damage

ex knee, shoulder, knuckle, wrist, most ribs and sternum, between ear bones

Front 13

structures of the synovial joints

Back 13

joint cavity (synovial cavity) that contains synovial fluid

fluid purpose--blood filtrate, lubricates, nourishes the articular cartilage

Front 14

articular capsule

Back 14

inner layer--synovial membrane; produces synovial fluid by filtration

outer layer--

Front 15

two types of cartilaginous joint

Back 15

1. synchondrosis

2. symphysis

Front 16

three types of fibrous joints

Back 16

1. suture

2. syndesmosis

3.gomphosis

Front 17

bursitis

Back 17

inflammation of a bursa

Front 18

6 types of synovial joints

Back 18

1. plane

2. hinge

3. pivot

4. condylar

5. saddle

6. ball and socket

Front 19

plane joint

Back 19

translational movement--no axes

ex intercarpal and intertarsal joints

Front 20

hinge joint

Back 20

flexion/extension--1 axis

ex elbow

Front 21

pivot joint

Back 21

rotation--1 axis

ex prix and distal radioulnar joints

Front 22

condylar joints

Back 22

movements around all axes except axis of rotation--2 axes

ex metacarpoplangeal (knuckle) joint, main wrist joint

Front 23

saddle joint

Back 23

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction--2 axes

ex 1st carpometacarpal joint, sternoclavicular joint

Front 24

ball and socket

Back 24

freely moving, around all axes--3 axes

ex shoulder and hip joints

Front 25

osteothritis

Back 25

wear and tear from normal aging, occurs in most elderly

Front 26

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 26

autoimmune disease, begins w inflammation of synovial membrane

Front 27

gouty arthritus

Back 27

caused by excess uric acid retention deposited in synovial membranes

Front 28

reinforcing ligaments in synovial joints

Back 28

1. capsular

2. extracapsular

3. intracapsular

Front 29

structures that are associated with synovial joints but not a part of

Back 29

1. bursa

2. tendon sheath