Anatomy And Physiology Paramedic Chapter 3:seletal Tissue

Front 1

acetabulum

Back 1

The socket in the ban-and-socket joint that connects the pelvic girdle and the lower extremity.

Front 2

acromioclavicular (AC) joint

Back 2

The point at which the clavicle attaches to the acromion process.

Front 3

acromioclavicular separtaion

Back 3

One or more torn ligaments in the AC joint, resulting in a separated shoulder.

Front 4

acromion process

Back 4

The tip of the shoulder and the site of attachment for both the clavicle and various shoulder muscles.

Front 5

alveolar ridge

Back 5

The ridges between the teeth, which are covered with thickened connective tissue and epithelium.

Front 6

alveoli

Back 6

Small pits or cavities such as the sockets for the teeth or air sacs in the lungs.

Front 7

anulus fibrosus

Back 7

A ring of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue that is part of the intervertebral disk.

Front 8

appendicular skeleton

Back 8

The upper and lower extremities and the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton.

Front 9

appositional growth

Back 9

The formation of new bone on the surface of a bone.

Front 10

atlanto-occipital joint

Back 10

The location where the atlas articulates with the occipital condyles.

Front 11

atlas

Back 11

The first cervical vertebra (C1), which provides support for the head. The only movement of this joint is flexion, extension, and later bending.

Front 12

auditory ossicles

Back 12

The bones that function in hearing and are located deep within cavities of the temporal bone.

Front 13

axial skeleton

Back 13

The portion of the skeletone that includes the torso.

Front 14

axis

Back 14

The second cervical vertebra, the point that allows the head to turn/rotation.

Front 15

Battle sign

Back 15

Bruising over the mastoid process usually from a basilar skull fracture.

Front 16

blowout fracture

Back 16

A fracture of the floor of the orbital usually caused by a blow to the eye.

Front 17

bone marrow

Back 17

The substance located within the medullary cavity of a bone that consist of adipose tissue (yellow marrow) or red-blood-producing cells in bones in the axial skeleton and girdles (red marrow).

Front 18

bruxism

Back 18

Grinding together of the uppper and lower teeth.

Front 19

bulging disk

Back 19

A circumferential ballooning of an intact intervertebral disk.

Front 20

bursa

Back 20

A small fluid-filled sac located between a tendon and a bone that cushions and protects the joint.

Front 21

callus

Back 21

The zone of repair in which a mass of exudates and connective tissue forms arround a break in a bone and converts to bone during healing.

Front 22

canaliculi

Back 22

A minute canal in a bone.

Front 23

cancellous bone

Back 23

Bone that is made up of a lacy network of bony rods called trabeculae.

Front 24

carpal tunnel sydrome (CTS)

Back 24

Compression of the median nerve within the carpal calal at the wrist.

Front 25

cartilage

Back 25

Plates of shiny connective tissue that are lubricated by synovial fluid to provide a slippery surface over which bones may move freely.

Front 26

central disk herniation

Back 26

The most serious disk rupture that occurs when nuclear material protrudes straight back into the spinal cord, possibly resulting in permanent loss of bladder and bowel control.

Front 27

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Back 27

The fluid that bathes and provides hydraulic cushioning to the brain and spinal cord.

Front 28

chondroblast

Back 28

A cell that produces cartilage.

Front 29

clavicle

Back 29

The collarbone, which is located on the anterior chest and is an integral part of the shoulder girdle.

Front 30

closed fracture

Back 30

A fracture in which the bone ends have not been exposed by a break through the skin.

Front 31

coccyx

Back 31

The last four/five vertebrae, which are fused together to form the tailbone.

Front 32

comminuted fracture

Back 32

A faracture in which the bone end is fragmented.

Front 33

compact bone

Back 33

Bone that is mostly solid, with few spaces.

Front 34

compression fracture

Back 34

A fracture in which t he bone collapses.

Front 35

coronal suture

Back 35

The point where the parietal bones join together with the frontal bone.

Front 36

costochondritis

Back 36

Inflammation of the costocartilage, which attaches the ribs to the sternum.

Front 37

cranial vault

Back 37

The bones that encase and protect the brain, including the parietal, temporal, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.

Front 38

crepitus

Back 38

A grinding sound or sensation.

Front 39

cribriform plate

Back 39

A horizontal bone perforated with numerous faoamina for the passage of the olfactory nerve filaments from the nasal cavity.

Front 40

crista galli

Back 40

A prominent bony ridge in the center of the anterior fossa to which the meninges are attached.

Front 41

crown

Back 41

The part of a tooth that is external to the gum.

Front 42

cusp

Back 42

Point at the top of a tooth.

Front 43

degenerative disk disease

Back 43

A progressive form of arthritis that causes deterioration of the intervertebral disk.

Front 44

dentin

Back 44

The principle mass of the tooth, which is made up of a material that is much more dense and stronger than bone.

Front 45

diaphysis

Back 45

The shaft of a long bone.

Front 46

dwarfism

Back 46

A state of abnormally small bone.

Front 47

endochondral growth

Back 47

The growth of cartilage in the epiphyseal plate, which is eventually replaced by bone.

Front 48

endosteum

Back 48

The lining of the inner surfaces of a long bone.

Front 49

epicondylitis

Back 49

An inflammation of the muscles of the elbow joint; more commonly known as tennis elbow.

Front 50

epiphyses

Back 50

The ends of a long bone.

Front 51

external auditory meatus

Back 51

An opening in the temporal bone that contains the ear canal.

Front 52

facet

Back 52

A smooth, flat circumscribed anatomic surface of a bone.

Front 53

facial nerve

Back 53

The seventh pair of cranial nerves that supply sensory and morto nerve funtions to the face and jaw.

Front 54

femur

Back 54

The long bone in the thigh.

Front 55

fibroblast

Back 55

A cell that secretes proteins and collagen to form connective tissue between broken bone ends.

Front 56

fibula

Back 56

The long bone on the posterior surface of the lower leg.

Front 57

flat bone

Back 57

Type of bone that is relatively thin and flattened.

Front 58

fontanels

Back 58

The soft spots in the skill of a newborn and infant where the sutures of the skull have not yet grown together.

Front 59

foramen magnum

Back 59

The large oppening at the bottom of the skull through which the brain connects with the spinal cord.

Front 60

foramina

Back 60

Small opening, perforations, or orifices in the bones of the cranial vault.

Front 61

gigantism

Back 61

A state of bony overgrowth.

Front 62

gingiva

Back 62

The gums; connective tissue that covers the alveolar ridge.

Front 63

girdles

Back 63

The bony belts that attach the extremities to the axial skeleton.

Front 64

glenoid fossa

Back 64

The part of the scaupula that forms the socket in the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder.

Front 65

gliding joint

Back 65

A joint where the opposing surfaces of bone glide over each other to articulate.

Front 66

greenstick fracture

Back 66

An incomplete fracture in which the bone is bent and only the outer arc of the bend is broken.

Front 67

hard palate

Back 67

The bony anterior part of the palate, which forms the roof of the mouth.

Front 68

haversian system

Back 68

A unit of compact bone consisting of a tube (haversian canal) with the laminae of bone that surrounds it.

Front 69

herniated disk

Back 69

A tear in the anulus fibrousu that results in leakage of the nucleus pulposus, most commonly against exiting nerve roots.

Front 70

humerus

Back 70

The bone of the arm.

Front 71

hydroxyapatite

Back 71

A meneral compound containing calcium and phosphate that, along with collage, comprises the structural element of bone.

Front 72

hyoid bone

Back 72

A bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles. The bone "floats" and is not attach to any other bone, and is not part of the skull or spine.

Front 73

impacted fracture

Back 73

A fracture in which one fragmented bone eind is wedged into the other fragmented bone end.

Front 74

intervertebral disk

Back 74

A mass of fibrocartilage between vertebral body of the spine, composed of the anulus fibrosus and the nucleus pulposus.

Front 75

intervertebral foramen

Back 75

The opening between each vertebra through which the spinal (periphearal) nerves pss from the spinal cord.

Front 76

joint

Back 76

The point where two or more bones come together allowing movement to occur.

Front 77

keyphosis

Back 77

An excessively concave thoracic curve. Also called hump back.

Front 78

lacuna

Back 78

One of the minute cavities in bone or cartilage occupied by osteocytes.

Front 79

lambdoid suture

Back 79

The point where the occipital bones attach to the parietal bones.

Front 80

lamellac

Back 80

Thin sheets or layers into which bone tissue is organized.

Front 81

lateral malleoulus

Back 81

An enlargement of the distal end of the fibula, which forms the lateral wall of the ankle joint.

Front 82

ligaments

Back 82

Tough white bands of tissue that bind bones together. Composed of collagen, rope-like protein, which less compact than those in tendons. Also flattened, forming sheets or bands of tissue.

Front 83

long bone

Back 83

Type of bone that is longer than it is wide.

Front 84

lordosis

Back 84

An exaggerated lumbar curve or hollow back.

Front 85

mandible

Back 85

The movable lower jaw bone.

Front 86

mastoid process

Back 86

A cone-shaped section of bone at the base of the temporal bone.

Front 87

mastoiditis

Back 87

A severe infection involving the air cells of the mastoid process.

Front 88

medial malleoulus

Back 88

The distal end of the tibia, which forms the medial side of the ankle joint.

Front 89

medullary cavity

Back 89

The internal cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone that contains bone marrow.

Front 90

meninges

Back 90

The three layers of membranes, the dura, arachnoid, and pia, that surround the brain.

Front 91

metacarpal bones

Back 91

The bones that form the hand, between the wrist and phalanges.

Front 92

metaphysis

Back 92

The area of a long bone where the diaphysis and epiphysis converge. The epiphyseal plate is located here.

Front 93

nasal cavity

Back 93

The chamber inside the nose that lies between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth.

Front 94

nasal septum

Back 94

The separtion between the right and left nostrils.

Front 95

nucleus pulposus

Back 95

The gelationous mass that makes up the center of each intervertebral disk.

Front 96

oblique fracture

Back 96

A fracture that forms an angle to the shaft of the bone.

Front 97

occipital condyles

Back 97

Articular surface on the occipital bone where the skull articulates with the atlas on the vertebral column.

Front 98

olfactory bulb

Back 98

The cranial nerve for smell.

Front 99

open fracture

Back 99

A fracture in which a bone end has penetrated the skin; also called a compound fracture.

Front 100

orbit

Back 100

Bony cavity in the frontal skull that encloses and protects the eye.

Front 101

ossicles

Back 101

The three small bones in the middle ear: the malleus, incus, and stapes.

Front 102

osteoblast

Back 102

A bone-forming cell.

Front 103

osteoclasts

Back 103

Large, multinucleated cells that dissolve bone tissue and play a major role in bone remodeling.

Front 104

osteocyte

Back 104

An osteoblast that becomes surrounded by bony matrix.

Front 105

osteogenesis imperfecta

Back 105

A genetic disorder in which the patient lacks sufficient collagen for proper strength of the bones.

Front 106

osteomalacia

Back 106

An abnormal softening of bones because of a loss of calcium.

Front 107

osteomyelitis

Back 107

An inflammation of the bone usually resulting from bacterial infection.

Front 108

osteon

Back 108

Unit within a compact bone in which blood vessels are located; also called the haversian system.

Front 109

osteoporosis

Back 109

A reduction in the actual quantity of bony tissue.

Front 110

palitine bone

Back 110

An irregularly shaped bone found in the posterior part of the nasal cavity.

Front 111

paranasal sinuses

Back 111

The sinuses, or hollowed sections of bone in the front of the head, which are lined with mucous membrane and drain into the nasal cavity.

Front 112

patella

Back 112

The kneecap.

Front 113

pedicle

Back 113

The foot of each vertebra in the vertebral arch.

Front 114

pelvis

Back 114

The attachment of the lower extremities to the body, consisting of the sacrum and two pelvic bones.

Front 115

periodontal membrane

Back 115

The membrane that attaches the teeth to the alveolar bone.

Front 116

periosteum

Back 116

The membrane, made up of a double layer of connective tissue, that covers all bones, except the articular surfaces.

Front 117

phalanges

Back 117

The small bones of the digits of the fingers and toes.

Front 118

physis

Back 118

The major site of bone elongation, located just proximal to the bone ends. Also called the growth plate.

Front 119

pituitary gland

Back 119

An endocrine gland, lacated in the sella turcica of the brain, responsible for directly or indirectly affecting all bodily functions.

Front 120

plantar fasciitis

Back 120

An irritation of the tough band of connective tissue extending from the calcaneus to the pooximal phalange of each toe.

Front 121

pulp

Back 121

Soft tissue within the tooth.

Front 122

rami

Back 122

The posterior vertical parts of the lower jaw that join the mandible.

Front 123

rickets

Back 123

A disease caused by vitamin D deficiency.

Front 124

sacrum

Back 124

The five sacral vertebrae, which are fused together to form the posterior portion of the pelvic structure.

Front 125

saddle joint

Back 125

Two saddle-shaped articulating surfaces oriented at right angles to each other so that complementary surfaces articulate with each other, such as is the case with the thumb.

Front 126

sagittal suture

Back 126

The point of the skull where the parietal bones join together.

Front 127

scapula

Back 127

The triangular shaped bone that comprises the shoulder blade, which is a integral component of the shoulder girdle.

Front 128

scoliosis

Back 128

An abnormal bending of the spine to the side.

Front 129

sella turcica

Back 129

A depression in the middle of the sphenoid bones where the pituitary gland is located.

Front 130

short bone

Back 130

Type of bone that is as broad as it is long.

Front 131

shoulder girdle

Back 131

The attachment point of the upper extremity to the body, consisting of the scapula and clavicle.

Front 132

shoulder joint

Back 132

A ball-and-socket joint consisting of the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa.

Front 133

sinusitis

Back 133

Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.

Front 134

skull

Back 134

The structure at the top of the axial skeleton taht houses the brain and consists of the 28 bones that comprise the auditory ossicles, the cranium, and the face.

Front 135

spiral fracture

Back 135

A fracture that twist around the shaft of the bone.

Front 136

sternum

Back 136

The breastbone in the center to the anterior chest.

Front 137

styloid process

Back 137

Several long, slender, and pointed bones that project downward and forward from the temporal bone. Also, the small bony protrusion to which the ligaments of the wrist are attached.

Front 138

sutures

Back 138

Attachment points int eh skull where the cranial bones join together.

Front 139

synovial fluid

Back 139

The transparent viscous lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane in an articulation, helping bones to move freely at joint cavities. Contains white blood cells to infections and provide nourishment to the cartilage covering the bones.

Front 140

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Back 140

The joint between the temporal bone and the posterior condyle that allows for movements of the mandible.

Front 141

tendon

Back 141

Specialized tough cords or bands of dense white connective tissue that attaches muscles to bone. Composed of densely packed fibers of collagen, a twisted rope-like protein.

Front 142

tibia

Back 142

The long bone of the anterior surface of the leg.

Front 143

tinnitus

Back 143

A ringing in the ears.

Front 144

trabeculae

Back 144

Bony rods that make up cancellous bone and are oriented to increase weight-bearing capacity of long bone.

Front 145

transverse fracture

Back 145

A fracture straight across the shaft of the bone.

Front 146

trismus

Back 146

Spasm of the muscles of chewing.

Front 147

vertebral arch

Back 147

The posterior portion of a vertebra, which contains the bony processes, facets, and pedicles.

Front 148

vertebral column

Back 148

The spine, or primary support structure of the body, which houses the spinal cord and the peripheral nerves. Consist of 5 regions Cervical 7, Thoracic 12, Lumbar 5, Sacrum 5, and Coccyx 4 vertebra.

Front 149

vertebral foramen

Back 149

A hole through which the spinal nerves pass from the spinal cord.

Front 150

zygomatic arch

Back 150

The bone that extends along the front of the skull below the orbit.

Front 151

The skeletal system is compose of how many bones?

Back 151

206

Front 152

sprain vs strains

Back 152

Sprain deals with the stretching or tearing of a joint and its ligaments.
Strain deals with the stretching or tearing of a muscle.

Front 153

collagen and mineral balance within the bone

Back 153

The collagen fibers in bones act like reinforcing rods in a concrete structure, lending flexible strength.
Bones without enough collagen are extremely brittle.
The mineral components supply strength for bearing weight, much like concrete does within a structure. Bones without enough mineral are very flexible.

Front 154

parathormone

Back 154

Hormone release by the parathyroid gland that helps to regulate the bone remodeling and control of the blood calcium level.

Front 155

calcitonin

Back 155

Hormone release by the thyroid gland that helps regulate the bone remodeling and control of the blood calcium level.

Front 156

bone repair

Back 156

When bone breaks damage blood vessels release blood, forming a clot. Within days cells known as fibroblast secrete proteins and collagen to form a network of connective tissue between the the break, while other cells, chondroblasts, produce cartilage within the network. Callus is formed, a mass of connective tissue, converting to bone during the healing process. Osteoblast from surrounding normal bone then invade the area to form cancellous bone, which is later replaced by compact bone. The usually take 4 to 6 months.

Front 157

sternum

Back 157

The breastbone which divides into three parts. The manubrium top portion, containing the jugular notch, elongated body , middle portion of sternum, and the xiphoid process, lower end of sternum made of cartilage that attaches to the inferior portion of the sternum.

Front 158

The carpals include the:

Back 158

triquetrum, pisiform, capitate, lunate, hamate, trapezoid, trapezium, and scaphoid.