Anatomy And Physiology Of The Respiratory System.2

Front 1

During the involuntary phase of deglitition the soft palate and uvula move up against the __________ to close off the _____ ______.

Back 1

Oropharynx, nasal cavity

Front 2

During the involuntary phase of deglitition the larynx moves _______ and ______ to seal off _______ against __________

Back 2

Forward and upward, trachea, epiglottis

Front 3

The trachea is located posteriorly (vertebrae)

Back 3

C6 to border of T5

Front 4

The trachea is located anteriorly from the _______ to the ______ rib. (_____ __ _____ or _______ _____)

Back 4

Cricoid, second rib (angle of Louis, sternal angle)

Front 5

The trachea is approximately how many cm in length?

Back 5

11-13cm

Front 6

The trachea is about _._-_._ cm in diameter

Back 6

1.5-2.5cm

Front 7

The trachea is composed of about __-__ C-shaped rings for support

Back 7

15-20

Front 8

The trachea is supported posteriorly by the __________ muscle, which also allows for ________ changes.

Back 8

Trachealis, diameter

Front 9

The trachea is lined with _____ (epithelium)

Back 9

PSCCE

Front 10

The carina is located at __-__ posteriorly

Back 10

T4-T5

Front 11

Clinical, the tip of the endotracheal tube should sit about _cm above the carina

Back 11

2

Front 12

What is the only way to know where the endotracheal tube is placed?

Back 12

Chest xray

Front 13

The mainstream bronchi is also known as the _____ __________ of airways

Back 13

First generation

Front 14

In mainstream bronchi, airway division occurs by ___________ branching.

Back 14

dichotomous

Front 15

Dichotomous branching is defined as

Back 15

the branches form as a result of an equal division of a terminal bud (i.e., a bud formed at the apex of a stem)

Front 16

Mainstream bronchi are lined with what type of epithelium

Back 16

PSCCE

Front 17

Right mainstem bronchus branches at about a __° angle, and is _____ and _______ than the left

Back 17

25°, wider and shorter

Front 18

Because the right mainstem is more vertical it is at increased risk for these two things

Back 18

Aspiration and mainstem intubation

Front 19

Left mainstem bronchus branches at __-__° angle

Back 19

40-60° angle

Front 20

Infant mainstem bronchi angle is _______ for the right and the left

Back 20

Similar

Front 21

_____ bronchi are the second generation airways

Back 21

Lobar

Front 22

Right lobar bronchi divided into

Back 22

Upper, middle and lower bronchi

Front 23

Left lobar bronchi divided into

Back 23

Upper and lower bronchi, as well as lingula

Front 24

In lobar bronchi cartilage is ______ and _________

Back 24

C-shaped and irregular

Front 25

Lobar bronchi are lined with

Back 25

PSCCE

Front 26

The _________ ______ are more numerous in medium sized bronchi

Back 26

Submucosal glands

Front 27

_________ bronchi are the 3rd to 4th generations of airways

Back 27

Segmental

Front 28

The right lung has __ segmental bronchi

Back 28

10

Front 29

The left lung has _ segmental bronchi

Back 29

8

Front 30

The segmental bronchi has ________ and _______ cartilages

Back 30

Irregular and helical (moon shaped)

Front 31

The segmental bronchi are lined with

Back 31

PSCCE

Front 32

The ____________ bronchi are the 4th-9th generation of airways

Back 32

Subsegmental

Front 33

The ____________ bronchi are the last of the cartilaginous airways

Back 33

Subsegmental

Front 34

The Subsegmental cartilage is

Back 34

Irregularly shaped and helical plates

Front 35

The airways are about _-_mm in diameter in the Subsegmental bronchi

Back 35

1-4mm

Front 36

The ____________ bronchi are the last generation of airways lined with PSCCE

Back 36

Subsegmental

Front 37

__________ are the 10th -15ths airway generations

Back 37

bronchioles

Front 38

Bronchioles are < _ mm in diameter

Back 38

1mm

Front 39

Bronchioles lack __________ ______ _______

Back 39

connective tissue sheaths

Front 40

Bronchioles are surrounded by ______ ______ fibers (lack rigidity)

Back 40

spiral muscle fibers

Front 41

Bronchioles are lined with ________ epithelium.

Back 41

cuboidal epithelium

Front 42

______ _______ affected intraalveolar and intrapleural pressure changes

Back 42

airway patency

Front 43

____ __ _______ also plays a role in respiratory disease. (bronchioles)

Back 43

Lack of support

Front 44

________ ___________ are the 16th-19th generation of airways

Back 44

terminal bronchioles

Front 45

Terminal bronchioles are about _._mm in diameter

Back 45

0.5mm

Front 46

________ ___________ are the end of the conducting zone.

Back 46

Terminal bronchioles

Front 47

Terminal bronchioles contain _____ cells which are secreting cells with unknown purpose.

Back 47

Clara

Front 48

As the walls thin, small channels called ______ __ _______ appear between terminal bronchioles and adjacent alveoli

Back 48

Canals of Lambert

Front 49

_____________ ______ ________ occurs due to elastic properties of lung parenchyma (gas exchange region)

Back 49

parabronchial radial traction

Front 50

Airway patency is maintained in noncartilaginous airways by the __________ ______ (of elastic tissue fibers)

Back 50

retractile forces

Front 51

___________ ___________ are characterized by alveoli "budding" from their walls

Back 51

respiratory bronchioles

Front 52

________ _____ are composed of alveoli seperated by septal walls containing smooth muscle

Back 52

alveolar ducts

Front 53

________ _____ are grape-like clusters consisting of 15-20 _______

Back 53

alveolar sacs, alveoli

Front 54

Respiratory bronchioles + alveolar ducts + alveolar sacs =

Back 54

primary lobule, acinus, lung parenchyma

Front 55

In an adult male there are approximently ___ _______ alveoli

Back 55

300 million

Front 56

Alveolar surface area is approximently __ m2 or roughly the size of a ______ _____

Back 56

70 m2, tennis court

Front 57

Type I pneumocytes compose about __% of the alveolar surface

Back 57

95%

Front 58

Type I pneumocytes are _____, ____ cells that are the _____ site of alvolar gas exchange.

Back 58

broad, thin, major

Front 59

Type II pneumocytes form the remaining _% of the total alveolar surface

Back 59

5%

Front 60

Type II pneumocytes are the primary source of _________ __________

Back 60

pulmonary surfactant

Front 61

Type III cells are also known as

Back 61

alveolar macrophages

Front 62

Alveolar macrophages are

Back 62

large, migrating phagocytes

Front 63

Alveolar macrophages can do three different things after removing bacteria or other foreign particles deposited within the acini

Back 63

migrate to terminal bronchioles (moved by cilia)

migrate to interstitial space and remain there or enter lymph system

remain in alveolus and die

Front 64

Pores of Kohn are

Back 64

small holes in the walls of the intra-alveolar septa

Front 65

Pores of Kohn permit

Back 65

gas movement between adjacent alveoli

Front 66

Pores of Kohn are formed by these three things

Back 66

desquamation of epithelial cells due to disease

normal degeneration of tissue cells due to aging

movement of macrophages