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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which organ secretes enzymes capable of digesting food in the absence of all other digestive enzymes?
A. Parotid Salivary Gland B. Stomach C. Liver D. Pancreas |
D. Pancreas
Pancreatic juice is capable of nearly completing digestion of food in the absence of all other digestive enzymes; these enzymes require a pH close to neurality for optimal activity. |
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Regulation of gastric hydrocholic acid secretion is regulated by all of the following phases except:
A. cephalic phase B. gastric phase C. intestinal phase D. colonic phase |
D. Colonic Phase
Excitation and inhibition of gastric hydrochloic acid secretion occurs in 3 phases and are identified by the region in which a stimulus acts to modify the rate of secretion (cephalic, gastric, and intestinal) |
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Which hormone released from the mucosa of the duodenum stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile to aid in digestion of lipds?
A. Cholecystokinin (CCK) B. Secretin C. Gastric D. Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) |
A. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Of all the GI peptides, cholecystokinin (CCK) is the most potent regulator for pancreatic and biliary secretion and gastric emptying. |
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Reflux of gastric contents back into the esphagus is prevented by the:
A. effects of gravity B. lower esophageal sphincter (LES) C. epiglottis D. pyloric sphincter |
B. lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
The lower esophageal sphincter (LES)is the major barrier between the acid-filling stomach and the predominately alkaline esophageal lumen. |
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Which one of the following is unique to the colon?
A. peristaltic contractions B. segmental contractions C. mass movement D. retropulsion |
C. Mass movement
Propulsive mass movements occur in the colon, usually after a meal, and are often followed by the desire to defecate. |
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The GI tract is innervated by which of the following nervous systems?
A. peripheral B. autonomic C. central D. both a and b |
B. Autonomic
The GI tract is innervated by the autonomic nervous system |
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Venous drainage of the stomach and small and large intestines is primarily through the:
A. abdominal aortic artery. B. renal arteries. C. portal vein D. external iliac vein. |
C. Portal Vein
Venous drainage of the stomach and small and large intstines is primarily through the portal vein to the liver |
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Which of the following GI organs receives its blood supply from both venous and arterial sources?
A. pancreas B. kidneys C. small intestine D. liver |
D. Liver
The liver recieves its blood supply form both venous and arterial sources. |
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Sympathetic stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract results in:
A. decreased tonicity of sphincters. B. increased pancreatic secretions. C. decreased motility. D. an increase in saliva production. |
C. Decreased motility.
Activation of the sympathetic usually inhibits the motor and secretory activities of the GI system. |
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Which of the following beverages is likely to stimulate gastric secretions?
A. coffee B. tea C. milk D. apple juice |
A. Coffee
Factors that stimulate gastric secretions include alcohol, caffeine, and hypoglycemia. |
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Which of the following actions promotes vomiting?
A. Reverse peristalsis B. Abdominal muscle and diaphragm contractions C. Lower esophageal sphincter relaxation D. All of the above |
D. All of the above
During vomiting, the abdominal muscles and diaphragm contract and the LES relaxes, allowing reflux of gastric contents into the esphagus and propulsion of gastric contents out of the mouth. In addition, irritation fo the small intestine can cause reverse peristalsis. |
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Most of an individual's water and potassium are absorbed in the:
A. Liver B. Stomach C. Small intestine D. Large intestine |
D. Large intestine
In the large intestine, most of the water and potassium are absorbed from the chyme. |
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The liver can raise plasma glucose levels when stimulated by:
A. Growth Hormone B. Insulin C. Aldosterone D. Secretin |
A. Growth Hormone
Growth hormone and epinephrine stimulate glycogenolysis and the release of glucose from liver cells. |
