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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Actions of glucocorticoids include:
A. Glucose elevation by gluconeogenesis B. supperssion of the anti-inflammatory response C. stimulation of histamine triggers D. stimulation of water excretion in the kidney |
A. Glucose elevation by gluconeogenesis.
Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis are the two main mechanisms for glucose elevation via glucocoritcoids. Glucocorticoids also stimulate the anti-inflammatory response and suppress histamine responses. Glucocorticoids promote water reabsorption in the kidney. |
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Blood glucose regulation is affected by which of the following hormones?
A. Aldosterone B. Calcitonin C. Glucagon D. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) |
C. Glucagon
Glucagon is the hormone responsible for regulation of serum glucose along with insulin. Calcitonin, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) affect other hormonal systems. |
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The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is stimulated under which condidtion?
A. Hemorrhage B. Hypervolemis C. HTN D. Hyperventilation |
A. Hemorrhage
Stimulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is accomplished to restore extracellular fluid compartments. Events such as hemorrhage, hypovolemia, and hypoxia stimulate the system |
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Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted under which of the following stimuli?
A. low serum osmolality B. high urinary output C. hypoxia D. ethanol alcohol |
C. Hypoxia
Anti-diruetic hormone (ADH) stimulants include hypovolemia, hypoxia, pain, positive pressure ventilation, and several drugs. Inhibition of ADH results from alcohol, low serum osmolality, hypervolemia, and exposure to cold. |
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Lower levels of T3 and T4 would be associated with which of the following?
A. Hyperthyroidism B. Hyperadrenalism C. Hypothyroidism D. Hypoadrenalism |
C. Hypothyroidism
Lower levels of T3 and T4 are associated with hypothyroidism. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels would be elevated in an attempt to stimulate thyroid gland production to T3 and T4. |
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The antidiuretic hormone's (ADH) major action is to:
A. Concentrate urine B. Constirct smooth muscle C. Reabsorb electrolytes D. A and B |
D. A and B
The two major actions of antidiruetic hormone are to concentrate urine and to constrict smooth muscles in the arterial wall. |
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The major stimulus/stimuli for regulating ADH is/are:
A. plasma osmolality B. changes in ECF volume C. aterial blood pressure changes D. all of the above |
D. all of the above
These are all major simuli for the regulation of antidiuretic hormone secretion: plasma osmolality, changes in ECF volume, and changes in arterial blood pressure |
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Thyroxine, a hormone produced by the thyroid gland, basically:
A. controls metabolic rate B. promotes bone reabsorption C. increases calcium blood levels D. regulates water reabsorption |
A. controls metabolic rate
The action of thyroid hormones are widespread and apparently arise from their stimulation of the basal metabolic rate of most tissues. |
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The hormones exerting influence on calcium metabolism are:
A. oxytocins B. parathyroid hormones C. activated vitamin D D. both B and C |
B. parathyroid hormones
Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin exert a major influence on calcium metabolism. |
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A critically ill patient had a thyroidectomy. Due to the parathyroid's anatomical location to the surgery site, observations would include:
A. monitoring for increased diuresis B. assessing for hypocalcemia C. auscultating the lungs D. checking for tachycardia |
B. assessing for hypocalcemia
Low levels of calcium increase the conversion of metabolically inactive vitamin D to the metabolically active form. Accidental removal of or injury to the parathyroid glands would cause disruption of the negative feedback loop and lead to hypocalcemia. |
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A nurse administering cortisol must realize this glucocorticoid:
A. promotes the storage of glucagon B. increases the number of lymphocytes C. inhibits the intake of insulin D. affects plasma glucose levels |
D. affects plasma glucose levels
Glucocorticoids elevate plasma glucose levels by promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. |
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Glucose levels will rise in response to:
A. stimulation of alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans B. stimulation of beta cells of the islets of Langerhans C. suppression of the adrenal medulla D. mineralocorticoids |
A. Stimulation of alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans
Alpha cells secrete glucagon. |
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Excessive levels of which hormones can inhibit the inflammatory response?
A. mineralocorticoids B. glucocorticoids C. parathyroid hormones D. thyroid hormone |
Glucocorticoids act in several ways to suppress the inflammatory response, including the influx of phagocytes and the activation of complement and kinins.
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A patient presenting with tachycardia, hyperreflexia, weight loss, and diaphoresis most likely has:
A. hypoparathyroidism B. a deficiency of mineralocorticoids C. pancreatic disease D. hyperthyroidism |
D. hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism lowers synaptic thresholds in the CNS, causing hyperreflexia and a silky skeletal tremor. Increased BMR causes tachycardia, weight loss, and diaphoresis. |
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Atrial natriuretic peptide causes:
A. Decreased renal excretion of salt and water B. Increased renal excretion of salt and water. C. Decreased absorption of calcium D. Increased absorption of calcium |
B. Increased renal excretion of salt and water.
Atrial natriuretic peptide causes increased renal excretion of salt and water. |
