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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the study of organs and systems of the body
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anatomy
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gross anatomy is
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visible with the eyes
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Microscopic is
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too small to be seen with the naked eye
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the study of the functions the organs and systems
perform |
physiology
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Basic units of living matter composed of protoplasm, a gel like substance containing ~water, ~salt, and ~ nutrients obtained from food.
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cells
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the three basic parts of a cell
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~nucleus,~cytoplasm,~and ~ cell membrane
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A chemical process in which cell receive nutrients for growth and reproduction.
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Metabolism
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Building larger molecules from small ones
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Anabolism
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Breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones
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Catabolism
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groups of cells of the same kind
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tissue
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covers and protects body surface and internal organs
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Epithelial
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supports , protects and holds the body together
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connective
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coordinates body functions and carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord
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nerve
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contracts to produce motion
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muscular
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carries food, waste products and hormones
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liquid
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composed of 2 or more different tissues
separate body structure that performs specific functions , skin is the the largest of these |
organ
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a group of body structures and or organs that perform functions for the body
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Body system
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provides the frame work of the body
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skeletal
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circulates blood through the body
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circulatory
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sends and receives body messages
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nervous
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supplies food to the body
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digestive
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eliminates waste from the body
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excretory
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controls breathing of the body
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respiratory
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controls growth, and general health and reproduction of body
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Endocrine
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composed of 206 bones of different shapes and sizes
physical foundation of the body |
skeletal system
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two or more bones attached at a point
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joint
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the study of bones
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osteology
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long bones
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arm or leg
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flat bone
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skull
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irregular bone
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wrist, ankle , and spinal column
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hardest structure of the body
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bone
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composed of 2/3 mineral and 1/3 organic matter
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bone
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M-ovement
A-ttached P-rotection S-upport |
the functions of the skeletal system
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skeleton of the head is called
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skull
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encloses and protects the brain and primary sensory organs
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the skull
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composed of 8 bones
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cranium
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composed of 14 bones
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facial skeleton
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2 bones that form the bridge of the nose
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nasal
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lacrimal
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inner eye socket
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maxillae
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upper jaw
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mandible
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lower jaw
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form the top of the spinal column
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cervical veribrae
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hyoid
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adams apple
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clavicle
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collar bone
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shoulder bone
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scapula
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chest bone
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sternum
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spine
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thoracic vertebrae
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how many ribs
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12
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largest bone of the upper arm
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humrus
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one of the 2 large bones of the fore arm
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Radias
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large bone of the forearm
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ulna
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5 long thin bones that form the palm of the hand
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metacarpals
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8 small bones held together by ligaments to form the
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wrist
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each finger has 3 and each thumb has 2
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phalanges
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study of the structure of the function and diseases of the muscles
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myology
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composed of over 500 large and small
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muscles
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compose about 40% of body's weight
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muscle
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Support of the skeleton
productions of body movements contouring of the body |
functions of the muscular system
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responds to commands regulated by will
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voluntary or striated
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responds automatically and controls various body functions
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in-voluntary or non straited
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cardiac muscle is
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the heart
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only muscle of its type in the body
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heart
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non-moving fixed portion of the muscle attached to bones or another fixed bone
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origin
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midsection of the muscle between 2 attached sections
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belly
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portion of the muscle joined to movable attachments
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bones, movable muscles or skin
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formed by 2 muscles joined by aponeurosis tendon
covers the epicranium (scalp) |
epicranius or occiptofrontalis
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muscle located in the frot of the ear
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auricularis anterior
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muscle located above the ear
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auricularis superior
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muscle located behind the ear
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auricularis posterior
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located between the eyebrows, controls the eyebrows, drawing them in downward
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corrugator
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levatator palpebrae superioris
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located above the eyelids, functions to raise the eyelid
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oorbicularis oculi
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circles the eye socket and functions to close the eyelid
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procerus
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located between the eyebrows across the bridge of the nose, draws the brows down and wrinkles the area across the bridge of the nose
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oris obicularis
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circles the mouth and responsible for contracting , puckering , and wrinkling the lips , as in kissing or whistling
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quadratus labii superioris
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consist of 3 parts. located above the upper lip, raises both the nostrils and the upper lip, as in expressing sarcasm
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the quadratus labii inferioris
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located below the lower lip, pulls the lower li[ down or to the side , as in expressing sarcasm
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mentalis
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located at the tip of the chin, as in expressing doubt
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risorius
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located at the corner of the mouth , draws the mouth up and out , as in grinning
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caninus,
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located at the corners of the mouth, raises the angle of the mouth , as in snarling
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triangularis
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located below the corners of the mouth, draws the corners of the mouth down , as in ex
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zygomaticus
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located outside the corners of the mouth , draws the mouth up and back, as in laughing and consists of zygomaticus major and minor
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teporalis
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located above and in front of the ear and performs oth opening and closing the jaw as in chewing ( mastication)
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buccinator
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located between the jaws and cheek, is responsible for compressing the cheek to release air outwardly , as in blowing.
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masseter
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covers the hinge of the jaw and aids in the closing the jaw, as in chewing ( mastication)
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platysma
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extends from the tip of the chin to the shoulders and chest and depresses the lower jaw and lip , as in expressing sadness
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sternocleido
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extends along the the side of the neck from the ear to the collarbone and causes the head to move up and down as in nodding "yes or no"
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trapezius and latissmus dorsi
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covers the back of the neck and upper back . These muscles draw the head back and rotate the shoulder blades and control swinging of the arm.
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these muscles extend across the front of the chest and assist in swinging the arms
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pectoralis
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located under the arm , this muscle helps in lifting te arm and in breathing
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serratus anterior
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covers the shoulder , and is triangular -s haped , it lifts the arm or turns it
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deltiod
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this primary muscle in the front of the upper arm to the forearm, bends the elbow and turns the palm of the hand down
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tricep
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runs parallel to the ulna, this muscle turns the palm of the hand up.
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supinator
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runs across the lower part of the radius and the ulna. this muscle turns the palm of the hand downward and inward.
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pronator
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is located mid-forearm, on the inside of the arm. this muscle bends the wrist and closes the fingers
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flexor
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is located mid forearm, on the outside of the arm, this muscle straightens the fingers and wrist
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extensor
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separates the fingers
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abductor
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draws the fingers together
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adductor
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causes the thumb to move toward the fingers , giving the ability to to grasp or make a fist
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oppenens muscle
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controls the circulation of blood and lymph through the body
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the circulatory or vascular system
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responsible for the circulation of lymph through lymph glands , nodes and vessels
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lymph- vascular system
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sticky salty fluid, circulates to carry nourishment, and oxygen to body parts , carries toxins and waste products to liver and kidneys, the average adult has 8-10 pints
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blood
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a cone shaped muscle located in the chest cavity and normally about the size of a closed fist
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the heart
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right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle
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the upper and lower chambers of the heart
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filters blood by removing toxins, reaches parts of the body not reached by blood, uses arteries, veins, capillaries to circulate
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lymph
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carry oxygen and contain hemoglobin
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ERYTHOCYTES ( red blood cells)
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increase when infection is present and fight bacteria and other foreign substance
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LEUKOCYTES (white blood cells)
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responsible for the clotting of blood
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TROMBOCYTES (Blood platelets)
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FLUID PART OF THE BLOOD
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PLASMA
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Tubular, elastic, and thick walled, branching vessels , carry blood away from the heart carry pure blood
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ARTERIES
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smaller vessels , take nutrients and oxygen from the arteries to cells, take waste from the cells to the veins
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CAPILLARIES
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Tubular, elastic, thin walled , branching vessels ,carry blood from capillaries to the heart, cup like flow valves prevent backflow closer to the body surface than arteries
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VEINS
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Study of the Nervous system
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Neurology
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composed of brain , spinal cord, spinal and cranial nerves and responsible for all voluntary body actions
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Central Nervous system
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controls all 3 parts of the nervous system, command center, weighs 44- 48 oz.
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BRAIN
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this part of the brain is responsible for mental activity and is located in the upper front of cranium
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CEREBRUM
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this part is is responsible for muscle movement,occipital area below the cerebrum
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CEREBELLUM
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connects other parts of the brain to the spinal column and is located in the front of the cerebellum
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PONS
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Connects other parts of the brain to the spinal column and is located below the pons
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MEDULLA OBLONGATA
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composed of long nerve fibers and originates in base of the brain and extends to the base of the spine. It holds 31 pairs of spinal nerves
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THE SPINAL CORD
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composed of sensory and motor nerves extending from brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body
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THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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Longest of cranial nerves, transmits facial sensation to the brain, controls the muscle movements of chewing.
divided into three main branches -ophthalmic -maxillary and - mandibular |
TRIFACIAL NERVES 4th cranial
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Emerges from the brain at the lower part of the ear,
primary motor nerves of the face 6 branches of no particular importance |
THE FACIAL NERVE ~7TH Cranial
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Extends to the muscles behind and below the ear.
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Posterior Auricular
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Extends to the muscles of the temple side of the forehead, eyebrow and upper cheek
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Temporal
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Extends to upper muscles of the cheek
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Zygomatic
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extends to muscles
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Buccal
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extends to muscles or chin and lower lip
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mandibbular
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extends to the muscles on the side of neck
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Cervical
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Eliminates solid, liquid and gaseous waste products from the body
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The excretory system
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the body's largest organ, releases water , carbon dioxide and other waste through sweat glands.
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Skin
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Neutralizes ammonia from the circulatory system and converts it to urea
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Liver
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Receives urea from the liver
nephron filter out waste and water excreted waste products travel through the ureter and bladder and are eliminated from the body in urine |
kidneys
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intake of oxygen
exhalations of carbon dioxide primary organs are lung and diaphragm breathing through the nose is a healthier option than breathing through your mouth |
The Respiratory system
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Process oxygen for absorption into the blood and release carbon dioxide
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LUNGS
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expands and contracts auto automatically forcing air in and out of the lungs
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Diaphram
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