Anatomy And Physiology Lecture 3

Front 1

connective tissue characteristics

Back 1

1. relatively few cells

2. large amount of extracellular matrix (nonliving material, outside the cells)--ground substance and fibers

3. vascularized (except cartilage and blood)

Front 2

connective tissue functions

Back 2

1. support and protection

2. defense

3. passageway for nerves and vessels

4. transport and exchange (via blood and interstitial fluid)

5. insulation and energy storage (fat)

Front 3

connective tissue structure--cells

Back 3

1. derived from mesenchyme (detached cells in embryo)

2. characteristic type of cell for each kind of CT

3. cells secrete extracellular matrix

4. may also have other cells (eg defense cells)

Front 4

macrophages

Back 4

clean up and defense

Front 5

what determines the function of the tissue?

Back 5

the extracellular matrix

Front 6

connective tissue structure matrix

Back 6

fibers

Front 7

collagen fibers structure

Back 7

1. collagen molecule

2. collagen fibril

3. collagen fiber

Front 8

collagen bibril

Back 8

group of collagen molecules bound together

Front 9

collagen fiber

Back 9

group of collagen fibrils bound together (largest)

Front 10

collagen molecule

Back 10

chain of amino acids, double helix, 25% of all protein

Front 11

collagen fiber properties

Back 11

resists tension (pulling)

ex leather, scars, glue, gelatin

Front 12

reticular fiber structure

Back 12

1. each reticular fiber is made of specialized collaggen fibrils--made of type 3 collagen molecules

2. fibers are short, thin, branched

3. forms delicate networks with lots of spaces

4. allows smooth gliding/deformation (used at boundaries of tissue (surrounds capillaries)

like a folding trellis

Front 13

elastic fibers structure

Back 13

1. main protein is elastin--coils up at rest, cross linked in large groups to form a fiber (no fibrils)

Front 14

elastic fibers properties

Back 14

1. highly elastic--recoils to original shape after being stretched

Front 15

ground substance

Back 15

part of the cell matrix, contains interstitial fluid (tissue fluid) and additional components (eg calcium salts in bone)

Front 16

calcium phosphate

Back 16

important for the properties of the bone

Front 17

categories of connective tissue

Back 17

1. connective tissue proper

2. cartilage

3. bone tissue

4. blood

Front 18

what determines the properties of a tissue?

Back 18

cell matrix

Front 19

connective tissue proper

Back 19

1. relatively unspecialized "classic" CT

2. has fibroblasts (secrete matrix) that become fibrocytes (maintain in the matrix)

3. six types that vary in density and types of fibers

Front 20

six types of connective tissue proper

Back 20

1. loose connective tissue--areolar (generic) CT, adipose CT, Reticular CT

2. dense connective tissue--dense irregular CT, elastic CT

Front 21

loose connective tissue

Back 21

1. lots of ground substance, few er fibers

2. includes areolar, adipose, and reticular

Front 22

dense connective tissue

Back 22

1. lots of collagen fibers and good at resisting tension

2. includes dense regular, dense irregular CT and elastic CT

Front 23

areolar CT

Back 23

type of loose connective tissue (connective tissue proper)

1. gel like matrix, lots of tissue fluid--watery

2. adjoins all epithelia--present next to every epithelium in the body on basement membrane

3. function--exchange through epithelium

4. all three fiber types

5. has defense cells to fight infections

6. has fat cells to store energy

Front 24

adipose tissue

Back 24

1. type of loose connective tissue (connective tissue proper)

2. matrix as in areolar CT

3. mostly fat cells

4. in hypodermis

5. also "visceral fat" around internal organs

6. energy storage, protection, insulation

Front 25

reticular CT

Back 25

1. type of loose connective tissue (connective tissue proper

2. only fibers are reticular fibers--all fibers outside the cell--made of collagen molecules

3. exclusively in lymphoid structures (parts of the immune system) eg spleen, lymph nodes, red bone marrow

4. labyrinth used by defense cells

Front 26

dense regular CT

Back 26

1. all collagen fibers run in 1 direction (axis)--emphasis on collagen

2. resists tension in one direction (axis)

3. tendons and ligaments

4. fascia--wraps around groups of muscles around the body (example thigh)

5. used for strongest forces experienced by the body

ex achiles

Front 27

dense irregular CT

Back 27

1. collagen fibers oriented in various directions

2. resists tension in various directions

3. in dermis, and fibrous capsules of organs/joints

ex kidney

Front 28

elastic CT

Back 28

1. most fibers are elastic fibers (also has collagen ribers)

2. able to recoil after stretching

ex bronchial tubes in lungs, artery walls, some intervertebral ligaments

Front 29

cartilage

Back 29

1. ground substance attracts and holds large amount of water

2. highly flexible and resilient--can return to original shape

3. cells-chondrocytes (maintain matrix) inside lacunae

4. avascular (heals slowly)

5. not innervated

Front 30

types of cartilage

Back 30

1. hyaline

2. elastic

3. fibrocartilage

Front 31

hyaline cartilage

Back 31

1. most common type of cartilage

2. has collagen fibrils, not fibers

3. found in many joints, developing bones, and respiratory tubes

Front 32

elastic cartilage

Back 32

1. has collagen fibrils but also elastic fibers--more tolerant of repeated bending than other types

2. found in external ear, epiglottis

Front 33

fibrocartilage

Back 33

1. has collagen fibrils and collagen fibers--more resistant to tension than other types

2. found in intervertebral discs, knee meniscus, pubic symphysis

Front 34

bone

Back 34

1. has only collagen fibers--resists tension

2. ground substance is mostly calcium salts--like "concrete" and resists compression

3. not flexible or resilliant

4. osteoblasts secrete matrix, become osteoblasts that maintain matrix

Front 35

why is blood a connective tissue?

Back 35

1. large amount of extracellular matrix--plasma (mainly water)

2. develops from mesenchyme

3. no fibers