Anatomy And Physiology: Joints

Front 1

synarthrosis

Back 1

an immobile joint

Front 2

amphiarthrosis

Back 2

a slightly mobile joint

Front 3

diarthrosis

Back 3

a freely mobile joint

Front 4

three types of fibrous joints

Back 4

suture
syndesmose
gomphose

Front 5

suture

Back 5

place where two cranial bones fuse together. synarthrotic, connected by fibrous tissue.

Front 6

syndesmosis

Back 6

bones separated by some distance. held together by a fibrous ligament. example: distal ends of radius/ulna, tibia/fibula

Front 7

gomphosis

Back 7

like a peg in a socket.
example: teeth in the alveolar socket

Front 8

cartilaginous joints

Back 8

synchondrosis
symphysis

Front 9

synchondrosis

Back 9

a plate or bar of hyaline cartilage unites the bones. synarthrotic. epiphyseal plate in kids and joint of 1st rib and sternum

Front 10

symphysis

Back 10

hyaline cartilage fused to fibrocartilage. amphiarthrotic. example: intervertebral disks and pelvic symphysis

Front 11

synovial joints

Back 11

(all freely moving, have a fluid-filled cavity separating the articulating bones)

Front 12

structure of synovial joints

Back 12

1. articular surface covered with hyaline cartilage.
2. joint cavity containing synovial fluid
3. inner edge enclosed by synovial membrane which produces the fluid
4. bursa - sack that goes between things that might rub together
5. ligaments strenghten thejoint

Front 13

plane/gliding joint

Back 13

2 flat surfaces that slip over one another

Front 14

hinge joints

Back 14

allow movement in one direction only

Front 15

pivot joint

Back 15

movement occurs around 1 axis like head shaking back and forth

Front 16

condyloid/ellipsoidal joints

Back 16

both articular surfaces are oval

Front 17

saddle joint

Back 17

2 saddle shape surfaces that can move in 2 directions

Front 18

ball and socket joint

Back 18

head fits in socket (fossa)

Front 19

flex

Back 19

reduce angle joint

Front 20

extend

Back 20

increase angle joint

Front 21

abduction

Back 21

away from medial line

Front 22

adduction

Back 22

toward midline

Front 23

protraction

Back 23

gliding movement away from body (like tongue and mandible

Front 24

retraction

Back 24

gliding movement toward body

Front 25

depression

Back 25

make bone move inferior

Front 26

elevation

Back 26

make bone move superior

Front 27

rotation

Back 27

turning around axis

Front 28

circumduction

Back 28

making a cone of movement

Front 29

pronation

Back 29

palm facing elbow

Front 30

supination

Back 30

palm facing antecubital

Front 31

eversion

Back 31

rotate plantar laterally

Front 32

inversion

Back 32

rotate plantar medially

Front 33

opposition

Back 33

thumb and fingers across palm

Front 34

reposition

Back 34

thumb and fingers away from one another

Front 35

dorsioflexion

Back 35

bring toes closer to crural region (shin)

Front 36

plantar flexion

Back 36

bringing toes closer to sural region (calf)

Front 37

sprain

Back 37

bones of a joint are pulled apart and ligaments are pulled/torn

Front 38

separation

Back 38

when bones remain apart after injury

Front 39

dislocation

Back 39

end of a bone pulled out of socket

Front 40

hyperextension

Back 40

forced extension of a joint beyond normal range of movement

Front 41

arthritis

Back 41

10% of population has.
causes: infectious agents, metabolic disorder, trauma

Front 42

degenerative joint disease

Back 42

wear and tear on the system, most common in knees
can retard this by exercise
affects 85% of population

Front 43

gout

Back 43

due to uric acid crystals in joint
usually in weight bearing joints