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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following best describes metabolism?
A. the build up of organic material B. the breakdown of organic material C. all chemical recactions that occur in the body D. the absorption of nutrients |
all chemical reactions that occur in the body |
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_________ is the synthesis of new organic molecules. |
Anabolism |
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The process of breaking down large organic material to small organic molecules is called ___________. |
catabolism |
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All of the following are reasons for the synthesis of new organic compounts except ___________.
A. to build nutrient reserves B. to support growth C. to perform structural repairs D. to decrease secretions |
to decrease secretions |
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The most important product of metabolism is _______________. |
ATP |
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Which of the following reactions represents the equation for normal carbohydrate metabolism?
A. C6H12O6 + 6 CO2 --> 6 O2 + 6 H2O B. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O C. C6H12O6 + 6 H2O --> 6 O2 + 6 CO2 D. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 O2 + 6 H2O |
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O |
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During the complete catabolism of one glucose molecule, a cell will gain ___________ ATP molecules. |
36 |
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During the process of glycolysis, glucose is broken into two 3-carbon molecules called _________. |
pyruvic acid |
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For the process of glycolysis to occur, all of the following are essential except ________.
A. glucose B. ATP and ADP C. oxygen D. NAD |
oxygen |
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During glycolysis, there is a net gain of ________ ATP molecules for each glucose molecule converted. |
2 |
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Ninety-five percent of the ATP that is generated for cells to survive is made in _______. |
the electron transport system |
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ATP is produced by which of the following organelles?
A. Golgi apparatus B. lysosome C. nucleus D. mitochondria |
mitochondria |
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The electron transport system is embedded within the __________. |
inner mitochondrial membrane |
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In patients who are hypoxic, glycolysis continues to make an abundance of pyruvic acid, which is converted into the dangerous __________. |
lactic acid |
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The synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules is called _______________. |
glyconeogenesis |
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__________ is an important energy reserve found in the liver and skeletal muscle. |
Glycogen |
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The process of breaking down lipids into pieces that can be converted into pyruvic acid is called _____________. |
lipolysis |
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The catabolsim of one fatty acid molecule generates __________ ATP molecules. |
144 |
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High-density lipoproteins are normally formed in the __________. |
liver |
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Which of the following types of proteins is considered "bad cholesterol" and is most likely to contribute to arterial plaque?
A. high-density lipoproteins B. triglycerides C. low-density lipoproteins D. free fatty acids |
low-density lipoproteins |
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When an amino group from an amino acid is transferred to another carbon chain, which creats a new amino acid, this is called _________. |
transamination |
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To eliminate toxic ammonia, the liver combines carbon dioxide with ammonia to form ___________. |
urea |
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How many of the 22 amino acids are considered by be essential? |
10 |
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All of the following are examples of essential amino acids except __________.
A. alanine B. lysine C. phenylalanine D. valine |
alanine |
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Which of the following types of diabetes typically requires insulin administration?
A. Type I B. Type II C. Type III D. Type IV |
Type I |
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You are evaluating a 56-year-old male who was found unconcious by a neighbor. The neighbor tells you that your patient is a diabetic. Your patient is breathing 45 times a minute. You notice the respirations to be deep and fast. You check his blood glucose level and it comes back at 350 mg/dL. (A normal level is 60-110 mg/dL.) What do you think is wrong with your patient?
A. hypoglycemia B. diabetic ketoacidosis C. non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma D. hyper glycemia |
diabetic ketoacidosis |
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Phenylketonuria is an inherited disease that prevents the conversion of the amino acid phenylalanine to the amino acid _____________. |
tyrosine |
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An elevated uric acid level can lead to which of the following medical conditions?
A. renal stones B. gall stones C. gout D. panreatitis |
gout |
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All of the following are true regarding vitamins except __________.
A. vitamins are organic compounds B. vitamins are required for normal metabolism and growth C. vitamins are stored in the liver D. vitamins are inorganic compounts |
vitamins are inorganic compounts |
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What vitamin is produced by the skin with exposure to the sun? |
Vitamin D |
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_________ is also called thiamine and is essential for carbohydrate metabolism. |
B1 |
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In developing countries, the disease beriberi is caused by a deficiency in __________. |
Vitamin B1 |
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Which of the following food categories should be used sparingly?
A. grains B. vegetables C. fats D. meat and beans |
fats |
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__________ is the result of conductive heat loss into the air that overlies the surface of an object. |
Convection |
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Which of the following mechanisms of heat transfer is the direct transfer of energy through physical contact?
A. radiation B. conduction C. convection D. evaporation |
conduction |
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An average individual has a basal metabolic rate of _________ calories per hour or about __________ calories per day. |
70 (hour) 1680 (day) |
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The heat-loss centers in the central nervous system are in the ___________. |
hypothalamus |
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All of the following are ways to promote heat loss except __________.
A. sweating B. vasodilation C. vasoconstriction D. increase in respirations |
vasoconstriction |
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All of the following are reasons for fire-ground personnel to report to the rehabilitation area except __________.
A. strenuous activity including forced entry B. failure of an SCBA unit C. 30 minutes of operation within a hazardous materials area D. the use and depletion of one self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) |
the use and depletion of one self-contained breathing appratus (SCBA) |
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Good healthy nutrition is important for all EMS personnel. Which of the following is considered a healthy breakdown of the types and quantities of food that should be eaten each day?
A. 30 percent carbohydrates, 60 percent protein, 10 percent fat B. 40 percent carbohydrates, 40 percent proteins, 20 percent fat C. 60 percent carbohydrates, 30 percent protein, 10 percent fat D. 40 percent carbohydrates, 20 percent protein, 40 percent fat |
40 percent carbohydrates, 40 percent proteins, 20 percent fat |
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Foods that are low in dietary fiber are __________. |
meats |
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The breakdown of lipids generates approximately __________ calories per gram of energy. |
9 |
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The breakdown of carbohydrates generates approximately _______ calories per gram of energy. |
4 |
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An individual's basal metabolic rate can be affected by ________.
A. gender B. age C. genetics D. all of the above |
all of the above |
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In the average geriatric patient, changes in health and food intake are related to _____________.
A. lifestyle changes B. income C. a change in eating habits D. all of the above |
all of the above |
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Carbohydrates are considered the first source of energy. The breakdown of __________ is second. |
lipids |
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___________ are organic molecules, usually derived from vitamins, that must be present for an enzymatic reaction to occur. |
Coenzymes |
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To produce 36 ATP from glucose, the body also needs to have __________ available. |
oxygen |
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Another term for aerobic metabolism is ____________. |
cellular respiration |
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_________ is the coenzyme that is responsible for the removal of the hydrogen atoms during glycolysis. |
NAD |
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The process of adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP is called _____________. |
chemiosmosis |
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The enzyme that is responsible for allowing hydrogen ions to diffuse back into the mitochondrial matrix through a membrane is called __________. |
ATP synthase |
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The carbons found within the glucose molecule are converted into _________. |
carbon dioxide |
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The synthesis of lipids is known as ________. |
lipogenesis |
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Because HDL does not cause circulatory problems, it is called ______________. |
good cholesterol |
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In amino acid catabolism, the removal of the amino group from the amino acid requires a coenzyme derived from _________. |
vitamin B6 |
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The largest of all lipoproteins are called ________________. |
chylomicrons |
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______________ is the process that prepares an amino acid for breakdown in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). |
Deamination |
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Organic acids that are produced during lipid catabolism are called ____________. |
ketone bodies |
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The increase in the production of ketone bodies that occurs during protein and lipid catabolism causes a condition called ____________. |
ketosis |
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A condition in which there is an excess amount of availiable glucose is called _______________. |
hyperglycemia |
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Individuals of any age with a total cholesterol of less than ____________ have a low cholesterol level and are at low risk of heart disease. |
200 mg/dL |
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______________ are inorganic molecules released through the dissociation of electrolytes. |
minerals |
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The two primary nervous system dieases that are cuased by thiamine deficiencies are ______________ and _______________. |
Wernicke's encephalopathy, & Kersakoff's syndrome |
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More than half of the heat we lose through our skin is through _________________. |
radiation |
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pyrexia |
elevated body temperature |
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hypothermia |
below normal body temperature |
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ketonuria |
ketones in the urine |
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heat exhaustion |
malfunction of the thermoregulatory system |
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ketosis |
high concentration of ketone bodies |
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glycolysis |
breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid |
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lipolysis |
lipid catabolism |
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deamination |
removal of amino group |
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heat stroke |
a condition in which the thermoregulatory center stops functioning and body temperature rises uncontrollably |
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glycogen |
large glucose molecule |
