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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy
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Study of structure.
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Physiology
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Study of function.
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Dissection
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Cutting ans separation of tissues to reveal structure and relationships.
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Palpation
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Feeling structures with fingertips.
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Auscultation
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Listening to natural sounds made by body.
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Gross Anatomy
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Structure seen with naked eye.
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Percussion
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Tapping body to hear first signs of abnormalities.
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Histology
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Structure seen with aid of microscope.
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Molecule
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A substance composed of two or more atoms chemically combined.
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Atom
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Unit of matter that makes up a chemical element; consists of a nucleus (containing positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons) and negatively charged electrons that orbit the nucleus.
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Cell
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The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; the smallest structure capable of performing all the activities vital to life.
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Organelle
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A permanent structure within a cell with characteristic morphology that is specialized to serve a specific function in cellular activities.
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Tissue
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A group of similar cells and their intercellular substance joined together to perform a specific function.
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Organ
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A structure composed of two or more different kinds of tissues with a specific function and usually a recognizable shape.
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Organism
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A total living form; one individual.
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Excretion
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The process of eliminating waste products from the body.
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Metabolism
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All the biochemical reactions that occur within an organism, including the synthetic (anabolic) reactions and decomposition (catabolic) reactions.
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Homeostasis
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The condition in which the body's internal environment remains relatively constant within psychological limits.
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Reproduction
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The formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement; the production of a new individual.
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Receptor
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A specialized cell or a distal portion of a neuron that responds to a specific sensory modality, such as touch, pressure, cold, light, or sound, and converts it to an electrical signal (generator or receptor potential). A specific molecule or cluster of molecules that recognizes and finds a particular ligand.
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Effector
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An organ of the body, either a muscle or a gland, that is innervated by somatic to autonomic motor neurons.
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Positive Feedback
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A feedback cycle that strengthens or reinforces a change in a controlled condition.
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Negative Feedback
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A feedback cycle that reverses a change in a controlled condition.
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Anatomical Position
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A position of the body universally used and anatomical description in which the body is correct, the head is level, the eyes face forward, the upper limbs are at the sides, the palms face forward, and the feet are flat on the floor.
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Anterior
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Near to or at the front of the body.
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Posterior
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Near to or at the back of the body.
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Ventral
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Pertaining to the anterior or front side of the body; opposite of dorsal.
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Superior
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Toward the head or upper part of the structure.
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Inferior
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Away from the head or toward the lower part of the structure.
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Medial
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Nearer the midline of the body to a structure.
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Lateral
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Farther from the midline of the body or a structure.
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Proximal
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Nearer the attachment of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the point of origin or attachment.
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Distal
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Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; farther from the point of origin or attachment.
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Superficial
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Located on or near the surface of the body or an organ.
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Deep
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Away from the surface of the body or an organ.
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Contralateral
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On the opposite side; affecting the opposite side of the body.
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Ipsilateral
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On the same side; affecting the same side of the body.
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Sagittal
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A plane that divides the body or organs into left and right portions.
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Frontal
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A plane at a right angle to a mid-sagittal plane that divides the body or organs into anterior and posterior portions. Also called a coronal plane.
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Transverse
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A plane that divides the body or organs into superior and inferior portions. Also called a cross-sectional or horizontal plane.
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Body Cavity
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A space within the body that contains various internal organs.
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Cranial Cavity
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A bosy cavity formed by the cranial bones and containing the brain.
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Vertebral Canal
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A cavity within the vertebral column formed by the vertebral foramina of all the vertebrae and congaing the spinal cord. Also called the spinal cord.
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Thoracic
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Cavity superior to the diaphragm that contains two pleural cavities, the mediastinum, and the pericardial cavity.
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Pleural
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Small potential space between the visceral and parietal pleural.
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Pericardial
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Small potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium that contains pericardial fluid.
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Mediastinum
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That anatomical region of the thoracic cavity between the pleurae of the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm.
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Abdominopelvic
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Inferior to the diaphragm and subdivided onto a superior abdominal cavity and an inferior pelvic cavity.
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Abdominal
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Superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidneys, small intestine, and part of the large intestine.
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Pelvic
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Inferior portion of that abdominopelvic cavity that contains the urinary bladder, sigmoid colon, rectum, and internal female and male reproductive structures.
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Treatment Group
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In the design of experiments, treatments are applied to experimental units in the treatment group.
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Control Group
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A group used as a standard of comparison in a control experiment.
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Dependent Variable
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A variable whose value depends on that of another.
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Independent Variable
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A variable whose variation does not depend on that of another.
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Control
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A group or individual used as a standard of comparison for checking the results of a survey or experiment.
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Placebo
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A harmless pill, medicine, or procedure prescribed more for the psychological benefit to the patient than for any physiological effect.
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Scientific Fact
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An objective and verifiable observation, in contrast with a hypothesis or theory, which is intended to explain or interpret facts.
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Scientific Law
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A statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes some aspect of the world.
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Scientific Theory
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A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is acquired through the scientific method, and repeatedly confirmed through observation and experimentation.
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Chemical
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A compound or substance that has been purified or prepared; especially artificially.
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Cellular
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Of, relating to, or consisting of living cells.
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Organ System
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A group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions.
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Organization
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The action of organizing something.
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Responsiveness
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The quality or state of being responsive.
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Development
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The process of developing or being developed.
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Evolution
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The gradual development of something, especially from a simple to a more complex form.
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Control Center
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The operational center for a group of related activities.
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Dorsal
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Of, on, or relating to the upper side or back of an animal, plant, or organ.
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Supine
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Lying face upward.
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Prone
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Lying flat, especially face downward.
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Body Plane
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An imaginary flat surface that is used to define a particular area of anatomy.
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Axial
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Of, forming, or relating to an axis.
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Appendicular
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Relating to or denoting an appendage or appendages.
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Inductive Method
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Most known for being the Scientific Method.
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Deductive Method
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A method of reasoning by which concrete applications or consequences are deducted from general principles
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