Anatomy And Physiology Ekg Chap 1

Front 1

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

Back 1

A term used to refer to distinct conditions caused by a similar sequence of pathologic events-- a temporary or permanent blockage of a coronary artery

Front 2

Adrenergic

Back 2

Having the charecteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervious system

Front 3

Afterload

Back 3

The pressure or resistance against which the ventricles must pump to eject blood

Front 4

Angina pectoris

Back 4

Chest discomfort or other related symptoms of sudden onset that may occur because the increased oxygen demand of the heart temporarily exceeds the blood supply

Front 5

Aortic valve

Back 5

SL valve on the left of the heart ; separates the left ventricle from the aorta

Front 6

Apex of the heart

Back 6

Lower portion of the heart that is formed by the tip of the left ventricle

Front 7

Arteriosclerosis

Back 7

A chronic disease of the arterial system characterized by abnormal thickening and hardening if the vessel walls

Front 8

Atherosclerosis

Back 8

A form of anteriosclerosis in which the thickening and hardening of the vessel walls are caused by a buildup of fatty deposits in the inner lining of large and middle sized muscular arteries

Front 9

Atria

Back 9

Two upper chambers of the heart (singular, atrium)

Front 10

Atrial kick

Back 10

Blood pushed into the ventricles because of atrial contraction

Front 11

Atrioventricular valve

Back 11

Valve located between each atrium and ventricle

Front 12

Which valve separates the right atrium form the right ventricle?

Back 12

Tricuspid valve

Front 13

Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

Back 13

Bicuspid valve

Front 14

Atypical presentation

Back 14

Uncharacteristic signs and symptoms perceived by some patients experiencing a medical condition; such as ACS

Front 15

Base of the heart

Back 15

Posterior surface of the heart

Front 16

Blood pressure

Back 16

Force exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries as the ventricles of the heart contract and relax

Front 17

Cardiac output

Back 17

The amount of blood pumped into the aorta each minute by the heart; defined as the stroke volume × heart rate

Front 18

What is stroke volume x heart rate?

Back 18

Cardiac output

Front 19

Catecholamines

Back 19

Natural chemicals produced by the body that have sympathetic actions ; epinephrine , norepinephrine, dopamine

Front 20

Cholinergic

Back 20

Having the characteristics of the parasympathetic division of autonomic nervious system

Front 21

Chords tendineae (tendinitis cords)

Back 21

Thin strands of fibrous connective tissue that extend from the AV valves to the papillary muscles that prevent the AV valves from bulging back into the atria during ventricular systolic (contraction)

Front 22

Chronotropy

Back 22

A change in (heart rate)

Front 23

Circumflex artery

Back 23

Division of the left coronary artery

Front 24

Coronary sinus

Back 24

Outlet that drains five coronary veins into the right atrium

Front 25

Diastole

Back 25

Phase of the cardiac cycle in which the atria and ventricles relax between contractions and blood enters these chambers

Front 26

Dromotropy

Back 26

Refers to the speed of conduction through the AV junction

Front 27

Dysrhythmia

Back 27

Any disturbance or abnormality in a normal rhythmic pattern (any cardiac rhythm other than sinus rhythm.

Front 28

Ejection fraction

Back 28

The percentage of blood pumped out of a heart chamber with each contraction

Front 29

Endocardium

Back 29

Innermost layer of the heart that lines the inside of the myocardium and covers the heart valves

Front 30

Epicardium

Back 30

The external layer of the heart wall that covers the heart muscle (also known as visceral pericardium)

Front 31

Great vessels

Back 31

Large vessels that carry blood to and from the heart

Front 32

What are examples of great vessles?

Back 32

Vena cava, pulmonary veins, aorta, pulmonary trunk

Front 33

Heart failure

Back 33

A condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body.

Front 34

Hypercapnea

Back 34

A condition in which there is a elevated concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood

Front 35

Hypovolemia

Back 35

Inadequate tissue perfusion caused by inadequate vascular volume

Front 36

Infarction

Back 36

Death of tissue because of inadequate blood supply

Front 37

Inotrophy

Back 37

Refers to a change in myocardial contractility

Front 38

Ischemia

Back 38

Decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ

Front 39

Left anterior descending artery

Back 39

Division of the left coronary artery

Front 40

Mediastinum

Back 40

Middle area of the thoracic cavity

Front 41

What does the mediastinum contain?

Back 41

Heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus

Front 42

Mitrochondria

Back 42

The energy producing parts of a cell

Front 43

Myocardium

Back 43

Middle and thickest layer of the heart

Front 44

What does the myocardium contain?

Back 44

Cardiac fibers, contains the conduction system and blood supply

Front 45

Myofibril

Back 45

Slender striated strand of muscle tissue

Front 46

Neurotransmitter

Back 46

A chemical released from one nerve that crosses the synaptic cleft to reach a receptor

Front 47

Pericardium

Back 47

A double walled sac that encloses the heart and helps protect it from trauma and infection

Front 48

Peripheral resistance

Back 48

Resistance to the flow of blood determined by blood vessel diameter and the tone of the vascular musculature.

Front 49

Preload

Back 49

Force exerted by the blood on the walls of the ventricles at the end of diastole

Front 50

Proximal

Back 50

Location nearer to the midline of the body

Front 51

Pulmonary circulation

Back 51

Flow of unoxygenated (venous) blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Front 52

Sarcolemma

Back 52

Membrane that covers smooth, striated and cardiac muscle fibers

Front 53

Sarcomere

Back 53

Smallest functional unit of myofibril

Front 54

Sarcoplasm

Back 54

Semifluid cytoplasm of muscle cells

Front 55

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Back 55

Network of tubules and sacs that plays an important role in muscle contraction and relaxation by releasing and storing calcium ions

Front 56

Semilunar valves

Back 56

Valves shaped like half moons that separate the ventricles from the aorta and pulmonary ions

Front 57

Septum

Back 57

An internal wall of connective tissue

Front 58

Shock

Back 58

Inadequate tissue perfusion that results from the failure of the cardiovascular system to deliver sufficient oxygen and nutrients to sustain vital organ function

Front 59

Stroke volume

Back 59

The amount of blood ejected from a ventricle with each heartbeat

Front 60

Sulcus

Back 60

Groove

Front 61

Syncytium

Back 61

Unit of combined cells

Front 62

Systole

Back 62

Contraction of the heart during which blood is propelled into the pulmonary artery and aorta

Front 63

Tone

Back 63

Referring to the normal state of balanced tension in body tissues

Front 64

Venous return

Back 64

Amount of blood flowing to the right atrium each minute from the systemic circulation

Front 65

Ventricle

Back 65

Either of the 2 lower chambers of the heart

Front 66

How does blood flow through the heart?

Back 66