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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy |
The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationship to one another |
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Physiology |
The study of how the body and its parts work or function |
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Integumentary system |
The external covering of the body; the skin. - Protects deeper tissue from injury - Helps regulate body temperature - Location of cutaneous nerve receptors |
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Skeletal system |
Consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, and joints - Protects and supports organs - Provides muscle attachment for movement - Site of blood cell formation - Stores minerals |
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Muscular system |
- Produces movement - Maintains posture - Produces heat |
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Nervous system |
The body's fast-acting control system - Responds to internal and external change - Activates muscles and glands |
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Endocrine system |
- Secretes regulatory hormones (growth, reproduction, metabolism) - The slow-acting control system |
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Cardiovascular system |
Carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances via blood pumped by the heart |
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Lymphatic system |
- Returns fluid to blood vessels - Cleanses the blood - Involved in immunity |
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Respiratory system |
Keeps the body constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide |
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Digestive system |
- Breaks down food - Allows for nutrient absorption into blood - Eliminates indigestible material |
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Urinary system |
- Eliminates nitrogenous wastes - Maintains acid-base balance - Regulates water and electrolytes |
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Homeostasis |
The body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing |
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Homeostatic Imbalance |
A disturbance in homeostasis resulting in disease |
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Sagittal section |
Divides the body or organ into left and right parts |
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Median/midsagittal section |
Divides the body or organ into equal left and right parts |
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Frontal section |
Divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior parts |
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Transverse/coronal section |
Divides the body/organ into superior and inferior parts |
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Dorsal body cavity |
- Cranial cavity houses the brain - Spinal cavity houses the spinal cord |
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Ventral body cavity |
- Thoracic cavity houses the heart, lungs, and others -Abdominopelvic cavity houses digestive system and stomach, liver, intestines, reproductive organs, bladder |
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Metabolism |
Refers to all chemical reactions that occur within body cells - Produces energy - Makes body structures |
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Excretion |
eliminates wastes from metabolic reactions; the process of removing excreta from the body |
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Nine body regions |
Nine regions. |
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The four abdominopelvic quadrants |
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Atoms |
tiny building blocks of matter that combine to form molecules |
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Tissues |
consist of groups of similar cells that have a common function (epithelial, connective, muscular, and neural) |
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Organ |
a structure composed of two or more tissue types that performs a specific function for the body |
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Organism |
represents the highest level of structural organization |
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Metabolism |
a broad term that refers to all chemical reactions that occur within body cells |
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Excretion |
the process of removing wastes from the body |
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Nutrients |
taken in by the body through food, contain the chemicals used for energy and cell-building |
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Medistinum |
separates the lungs into right and left cavities |
