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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Mitochondria
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Converts energy from nutrients into ATP
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Lysosome
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Disgest substances within the cell
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Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
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Rough- sorts proteins ans forms them into more complex compounds
Smooth- involved in lipid synthesis |
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Golgi apparatus
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a stack of membranous sacs involved in sorting and modifiying proteins and then packaging them for export from the cell
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Plasma membrane
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Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
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Ribosomes
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Small bodies free in the cytoplasm or atached to the ER that manufacture proteins
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Basic unit of life
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Cell
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Common type of telescope used today
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Compound Light Microscope
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Magnifies up to 1 million times
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Transmission Electron Microscope
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Gives a 3-D image
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Scanning Electron Microscope
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The part of the cell that regulates what can enter or leave is the...
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Plasma Membrane
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Control center of the cell that contains the chromosomes and the nucleolus
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Nucleus
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Small body in the nucleus composed of RNA, DNA, and proteins; makes ribosomes
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Nucleolus
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Colloidal susension that holds organelles
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Cytoplasm
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Liquid portion of cytoplasm
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Cytosol
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Surface organelles used for movement
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Cilia and flagellum
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Contains sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base
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Nucleotide
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composed of nucleotides
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Nucleic acids; DNA and RNA
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Composed of nucleotides adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T)
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DNA
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DNA nucleotide pairing
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A-T and C-G
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Composed of nucleotides adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U)
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RNA
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RNA nucleotide pairing
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A-U, C-G
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Three type of RNA
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Messenger- mRNA
Ribosomal- rRNA Transfer- tRNA |
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Transcribes the message of the DNA
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mRNA
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Makes up the ribosomes, the site of protein synthesis
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rRNA
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Brings amino acids to be made into proteins
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tRNA
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Located almost entirely in the nucleus; carries the genetic message
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DNA
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Located in the cytoplasm; translates DNA message into proteins
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RNA
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Forms sex cells; divides the chromosome number in half
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Meiosis
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Division of somatic (body) cells; cells divide into two daughter cells
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Mitosis
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DNA duplicates during this phase of mitosis
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Interphase
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Chromosomes form and become visible in this phase of mitosis
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Prophase
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The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell attached to the spindle fibers in this phase of mitosis
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Metaphase
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The centromere splits and the duplicated chromosomes separate and begin to move toward opposite ends of the cell in this phase of mitosis
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Anaphase
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A membrane appears around each group of separated chromosomes, forming two new nuclei in this phase of mitosis
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Telophase
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Movement that does not require cellular energy
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Passive transport
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Molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; lowering the concentration gradient
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Diffusion
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Diffusion of water through semipermiable membrane
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Osmosis
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Movement of materials through plasma membrane under mechanical force
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Filtration
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Movement of materials with aid of transporters in plasma membrane
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Facilitated diffusion
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Movement that requires cellular energy
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Active transport
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Movement of bulk amounts of material into the cell in vesicles
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Endocytosis
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Large particles are engulfed and moed into the cell
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Phagocytosis
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The cell membrane engulfs droplets of fluid
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Pinocytosis
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The cell moves materials out in vesicles
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Exocytosis
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Same concentration as cell fluids; cells remain the same
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Isotonic solution
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Lower concentration than cell fluids; cell swells
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Hypotonic solution
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Higher concentration than cell fluids; cell shrinks
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Hypertonic solution
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Alteration of the genes that is a natural occurence in the process of cell division
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Mutation
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Programmed cell death
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Apoptosis
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Cancer risk factors
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Heredity
Chemicals Ionizing Radiation Physical irritation Diet Viruses |
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Distinct segments of DNA that code for specific proteins are called...
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Genes
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The cytosol and organelles make up the...
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Cytoplasm
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In which phase does DNA duplication take place?
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Interphase
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In which phase is DNA tightly wound into chromosomes?
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Prophase
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In which phase do the chromosomes line up along the cell's equator?
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Metaphase
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In which phase do the chromosomes separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell?
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Anaphase
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In which hase does the cell membrane pinch off, dividing the cell into two new daughter cells?
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Telophase
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The main component of the plasma membrane
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Phospholipids
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ATP is synthesized in the...
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Mitochondria
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Transcription of the DNA strand TGAAC would produce an mRNA strand with the squence...
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ACUUG
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Somatic cells divide by the process called...
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Mitosis
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Movement of solute from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration is called...
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Diffusion
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