Anatomy And Physiology Ch 1,6-8

Front 1

Group of cells and the materials surrounding them that works together to perform a particular function

Back 1

Tissues

Front 2

Recognizable shape, composed of two or more different types of tissue and has a specific function

Back 2

Organ

Front 3

Return fluids to the cardiovascular system. Detects filters, and eliminates disease-causing and cancer cells

Back 3

Lymphatic and immune systems

Front 4

Regulates volume and chemical composition of blood and helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids

Back 4

Urinary system

Front 5

Components include pharynx, larynx, and trachea

Back 5

Respiratory system

Front 6

Components include adrenal gland, pituitary gland, and pancreas

Back 6

Endocrine System

Front 7

Regulation of the blood pressure is an example of positive feedback system

True or False

Back 7

False

Front 8

Feedback systems of involved in maintaining homeostasis

True or False

Back 8

True

Front 9

The part of a feedback system that receives the input and generates the output command is the

Back 9

Control Center

Front 10

Prone Position is also considered the anatomical position

True or false

Back 10

Cephalic

Front 11

Pertaining to the creek

Back 11

Buccal

Front 12

Pertaining to the groin where the thigh attaches to the pelvic region

Back 12

inguinal

Front 13

Pertaining to the armpit

Back 13

Axillary

Front 14

Bone that forms the shoulder blade

Back 14

Scapula

Front 15

The nose is _______ to the eyes, and ___________ to the mouth.

Back 15

Inferior and Superior

Front 16

The neck is ________ to the head.

Back 16

Inferior

Front 17

The lips are ______ to the teeth

Back 17

Anterior

Front 18

Term that means above

Back 18

Superior

Front 19

The ________ plane divides body or organ into superior or inferior organs

Back 19

Transverse

Front 20

Cavity which contains the lungs

Back 20

Pleural Cavity

Front 21

Cavity which contains the heart

Back 21

Pericardial Cavity

Front 22

Building Blocks of matter. Substance that cannot be broken down to simpler substances by ordinary chemical means

Back 22

Element

Front 23

When placed in water, dissociates into H+ and a negatively charged ion.

Back 23

Acid

Front 24

Which of the following solutions would have the most H+

Back 24

A solution with a pH of 3

Front 25

Molecule that carries instructions to make proteins from genes in the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Back 25

RNA

Front 26

Protect and insulate body organs. Provide energy for metabolism

Back 26

Lipids

Front 27

Molecule that contains genes and is found in the nucleus.

Back 27

DNA

Front 28

Choose the correct order of structural organization

(Cellular, tissue, organ, organismal, organ system).

Back 28

Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organismal.

Front 29

Functions in body movement, posture, and heart production.

Back 29

Muscular system

Front 30

Regulates volume and chemical composition and helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids.

Back 30

Cardiovascular system

Front 31

What monitors controlled conditions and sends information to control center.

Back 31

Receptor

Front 32

A subject is in the anatomical position when standing, head and eyes forward, feet flat, and facing forward, arms over the head and palms facing forward.

True or False

Back 32

False

Front 33

Components include adrenal gland, pituitary gland, and pancreas.

Back 33

Endocrine System

Front 34

Pertaining to the lateral side of the leg

Back 34

Fibular

Front 35

Pertaining to the heel

Back 35

Calcaneus

Front 36

Portion of the lower limb that is located between the trunk and the knee.

Back 36

The portion of the lower limb is located between the trunk and the knee.

Front 37

The femoral artery is found in the ___________.

Back 37

thigh

Front 38

Term that means above

Back 38

Superior

Front 39

The elbow is _________ to the wrist.

Back 39

Proximal/Superior

Front 40

Skeletal system provides support for soft tissue of the body and serves as attachment point for skeletal muscles. Contraction of the skeletal muscles results in movements of bones.

T or F

Back 40

True

Front 41

The Diaphysis

Back 41

is the middle shaft area of a long bone.

Front 42

Tissue that produces red blood cells. Found within the spongy bone cavities in the epiphyses

Back 42

Red marrow

Front 43

Ends of long bone are carved with

Back 43

Articular Cartilage

Front 44

Bone flexibility are due to

Back 44

Collagen fibers

Front 45

Mature bone cells. Maintain daily bone metabolism.

Back 45

Osteocytes

Front 46

Forms interior of short, flat, and irregularly shaped bones and the interior of the epiphyses of long bones

Back 46

spongy bones

Front 47

Type of bone that contains macroscopic spaces that contain bone marrow

Back 47

Spongy Bone

Front 48

Which of the following is NOT true of bone remodeling

Back 48

Only occurs during bone repair after a fracture.

Front 49

Hyaline cartilage is template for bone formation

Back 49

Endochondrial Ossification

Front 50

Broken ends of bone protrude through the skin

Back 50

Open Fracture

Front 51

Dietary calcium and phosphorus are needed throughout life.

True or False

Back 51

True

Front 52

Calcitonin

Back 52

Inhibits action of osteoclasts

Front 53

Risk of his condition increases with age. Decreased blood calcium levels results in breakdown of bone. Overtime, bone mass decreases and risk of fractures increases.

Back 53

Osteoporosis

Front 54

Frontal bone forms the

Back 54

Forehead

Front 55

Sagittal suture joins the

Back 55

Parietal bones

Front 56

Teeth are located within spaces called

Back 56

Alveoli

Front 57

First cervical vertebra

Back 57

Atlas

Front 58

Which of the following are NOT bone markings that form the elbow.

Back 58

Head of humerus and radial notch of radius.

Front 59

Each squamous suture

Back 59

Joins a parietal bone and temporal bone

Front 60

Metacarpas

Back 60

Palm of the hand

Front 61

Number of phalanges in ring finger

Back 61

3

Front 62

In diving accidents that result in death, which process is pushed into the brain.

Back 62

Odontoid process

Front 63

In a herniated disc, which part protrudes and causes pain by placing pressure on spinal nerve or spinal cord?

Back 63

Pulp-like Center

Front 64

Longest, strongest bone in the body

Back 64

Femur

Front 65

Which of the following is NOT a bone that forms the os coxa?

Back 65

Sacrum

Front 66

The bones and bone markings that form the hip joint

Back 66

Head of femur and acetabulum of os coxa.

Front 67

Bones that form the knee joint

Back 67

Femur and tibia

Front 68

When you rest your hands on your hips, which bone and bone marking are your hands resting upon?

Back 68

Iliac crest and ilium

Front 69

Articulation between the sacrum and ilium is called the

Back 69

Sacroiliac joint

Front 70

Skeletal system stores fat in red bone marrow?

True or False

Back 70

False

Front 71

Tough connective tissue membrane that covers diaphysis. Contains bone forming cells that enable bone to grow in diameter.

Back 71

Periostem

Front 72

Bone hardness is due to

Back 72

Calcium salts

Front 73

Large cells that breakdown bone

Back 73

Osteoclasts

Front 74

Forms exterior of all bones

Back 74

Compact bone

Front 75

Osteogenesis occurs throughout life

True or False

Back 75

True

Front 76

Interstitial growth

Back 76

Process involves division of cartilage cells at epiphyseal plate and endochondrial ossification.

Front 77

Vitamins that increases ability of digestive tract to absorb calcium from food.

Back 77

Vitamin D

Front 78

Parathyroid Hormone

Back 78

Increases blood calcium levels

Front 79

Deficiency of Vitamin D results in inadequate calcification of extracellular matrix

Back 79

Osteomalacia

Front 80

Softens jolts to the vertebral column

Back 80

Intervertebral discs

Front 81

Number of phalanges in the thumb

Back 81

2

Front 82

The temporal mandibular joint is the articulation between the condylar process of mandible and mandibular process of the temporal bone.

True or False

Back 82

True

Front 83

Temporal Bone contains

Back 83

ear canal, middle ear, and inner ear.

Front 84

Cheek bones

Back 84

Zygomatic bones

Front 85

Forms the hard palate

Back 85

Palatine bones and palatine process of maxillae.

Front 86

The pituitary gland rests in the

Back 86

Sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

Front 87

Bones that form the knee joint.

Back 87

Femur, tibia, and fibula

Front 88

The shin is the anterior crest of the ________.

Back 88

Tibia

Front 89

The skeletal system stores minerals and releases them when blood levels are low.

True or False

Back 89

True

Front 90

Area of epiphysis where bone grows in length.

Back 90

Epiphyseal plate

Front 91

Reduces weight of bone

Back 91

Spongy Bone

Front 92

Bones part of the sternum.

Name 3

Back 92

Body, Xiphoid Process, and Manubrium.

Front 93

Number of Lumbar Vertebrae.

Back 93

5

Front 94

Cheek bones

Back 94

Zygomatic bones

Front 95

Articulates with ribs anteriorly

Back 95

Sternum

Front 96

Costal cartilages of true ribs do not attach directly to sternum.

True or False

Back 96

False

Front 97

Form the anterior portion of the instep

Back 97

Metatarsals

Front 98

Os coxa articulate which each other anteriorly to form the

Back 98

Pubic Symphasis

Front 99

Bones that form the heel of the foot

Back 99

Calcaneus

Front 100

Connective tissue that wraps the entire muscle

Back 100

Epimysium

Front 101

Connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers

Back 101

Perimysium

Front 102

Inability of a muscle to contract forcefully after prolonged activity

Back 102

Muscle fatigue

Front 103

Muscle is stimulated at a high rate and can only partially relax between stimuli. The result is a sustained but wavering contraction.

Back 103

Unfused (incomplete) tetanus

Front 104

Muscle type causes movement of blood through the heart and into the arteries

Back 104

cardiac muscle

Front 105

Muscle that controls blood vessels and causes movement of urine through the urinary tractq

Back 105

smooth muscle

Front 106

Smallest of all 3 muscle fibers, fatigue resistant, and postural muscles of the neck, back, and leg.

Back 106

Slow oxidative fibers

Front 107

Dense sheet or broad band of dense irregular tissue that lines the body wall and limbs and supports and surrounds muscles and other body organs

Back 107

Fascia

Front 108

Elongated, cylindrical cells that contract

Back 108

Muscle fibers

Front 109

Oxygen binding protein only found in muscle fibers. Oxygen necessary for ATP.

Back 109

Myoglobin

Front 110

Which of the following is NOT a quadriceps femoris muscle

Back 110

Sartorius

Front 111

Leg muscle. Dorsiflexes foot and inverts foot

Back 111

Tibialis anterior

Front 112

The quadriceps muscles extend ___________.

Back 112

Leg and knee

Front 113

Kissing muscle

Back 113

orbicularis oris

Front 114

Biceps brachii

Back 114

Muscle of anterior arm. Flexes forearm at the elbow and flexes arm at shoulder joint.

Front 115

Calf muscle. Plantar flexes foot and flexes leg at knee.

Back 115

Gastrocnemius

Front 116

Hip muscle. Flexes and abducts thigh at hip joint.

Back 116

Tensor fasciae latae

Front 117

Closes eyelid

Back 117

Orbicularis oculi

Front 118

Hamstring Muscles

Back 118

Flexes the leg at the knee

Front 119

A muscle that causes a desired action

Back 119

agonist

Front 120

Move palm of the hand so it faces forward or upward

Back 120

Supination

Front 121

Move appendage away from the midline

Back 121

abduction

Front 122

Turn the sole of foot inward

Back 122

Inversion

Front 123

Joint that has a cavity between articulating bones

Back 123

Synovial joint

Front 124

Structure that encloses synovial joint and synovial cavity. Composed of two layers.

Back 124

Anterior capsule

Front 125

Secretes synovial fluid.

Back 125

Synovial membrane

Front 126

Joint that enables the most movement

Back 126

Synovial joint

Front 127

Move a body part forward or anterior

Back 127

Protraction

Front 128

Turn on a pivot with a circular motion

Back 128

Rotation.

Front 129

Connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers.

Back 129

Perimysium

Front 130

Storage form of glucose.

Back 130

Glycogen

Front 131

Cylindrical structures within a muscle cell that contain thin and thick filaments

Back 131

Myofibrils

Front 132

Both muscles contracting flex head; one muscle contracting rotates head side to side.

Back 132

Sternocleidomastoid.

Front 133

Triangular shaped muscle that forms the shoulder.

Back 133

Deltoid

Front 134

Pectoralis Major

Back 134

Adducts and flexes arm at shoulder joint.

Front 135

Closes mouth by elevating mandible

Back 135

Masseter

Front 136

A muscle that causes a desired action

Back 136

agonist

Front 137

Point the toes downward, raise the heel.

Back 137

Plantar flexion

Front 138

Buccal

Back 138

Cheek

Front 139

Ventral

Back 139

belly

Front 140

Acromial

Back 140

Highest point of the shoulder

Front 141

Axillary

Back 141

Armpit

Front 142

Antecubital

Back 142

Anterior surface of the elbow

Front 143

Olecranal

Back 143

Pertaining to posterior surface of the elbow

Front 144

Antebrachial

Back 144

Forearm

Front 145

Inguinal

Back 145

Groin, where thigh attaches to the pelvis

Front 146

Gluteal

Back 146

Buttocks

Front 147

Femoral

Back 147

Thigh

Front 148

Patellar

Back 148

anterior surface of the knee

Front 149

poplital

Back 149

posterior surface of the knee

Front 150

Peroneal

Back 150

Lateral side of the leg

Front 151

Calcaneal

Back 151

heel

Front 152

Plantar

Back 152

sole of the foot

Front 153

Otic

Back 153

ear

Front 154

Cephalic

Back 154

pertaining to the head

Front 155

Cervical

Back 155

neck

Front 156

Sagittal

Back 156

vertically through the body

Front 157

Frontal or Coronal

Back 157

Produces anterior, posterior sections

Front 158

Transverse

Back 158

passes horizontally

Front 159

Oblique

Back 159

passes at an angle

Front 160

Flat bones

Back 160

thin and irregular but may be curved

Front 161

Sesamoid bones

Back 161

small bones that develop in tendons

Front 162

Body of the Vertebrae

Back 162

Located anteriorly, largest part of the vertebra

Front 163

Transverse process of the vertebrae

Back 163

extends laterally from the vertebra

Front 164

Spinous process

Back 164

projects posteriorly

Front 165

Vertebral foramen

Back 165

large opening that protects the spinal cord.

Front 166

Atlas

Back 166

Supports the head C1`

Front 167

Axis

Back 167

C2

Front 168

Crest

Back 168

Muscle attachment

Front 169

Condyle

Back 169

Articulation

Front 170

Epicondyle

Back 170

Projection above a condyle

Front 171

Foramen

Back 171

Opening or a hole, Opening for a blood vessel

Front 172

Fossa

Back 172

Shallow depression, muscle attachment or articulation

Front 173

Head

Back 173

articular projection supported on the neck of a bone

Front 174

Notch

Back 174

An indentation or depression, Groove for blood vessels and nerves

Front 175

Trochanter

Back 175

Very large projection, muscle attachment

Front 176

Spine

Back 176

Sharp, slender projection, muscle attachment

Front 177

Tuberosity

Back 177

Large, roughened projection, muscle attachment

Front 178

Pelvic Girdle

Back 178

composed of two hips or coxal bones

Front 179

os coxa

Back 179

bone

Front 180

Os Coxa of the pelvic girdle

Back 180

illium, ischium, and pubis

Front 181

Illium

Back 181

largest and most superior of the three components

Front 182

Illiac Crest

Back 182

Superior border of the illium, this is where you place your hands on your hips

Front 183

Greater sciatic notch

Back 183

large notch on posterior side

Front 184

Hip

Back 184

formed by the acetabulum and head of femur

Front 185

Sacroiliac Joints

Back 185

form the bony pelvis which connects the lower extremity with the axial skeleton.

Front 186

Synovial cavity

Back 186

small space between the two articulating joint

Front 187

Articular cartilage

Back 187

hyaline cartilage covering the ends of the bones in the synovial joint

Front 188

Articular capsule

Back 188

encloses the synovial joint and synovial cavity; has two layers, the fibrous capsule and synovial membranes

Front 189

Fibrous Capsule

Back 189

outer dense fibrous connective tissue layer of the articular capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the bone.

Front 190

Synovial membrane

Back 190

inner layer of the articular cartilage

Front 191

Synovial fluid

Back 191

secrete by the synovial membrane, lubricates the articular cartilags to reduce friction

Front 192

Flexion

Back 192

to bend

Front 193

extension

Back 193

to stretch out

Front 194

Hyperextension

Back 194

excessive extension

Front 195

Abduction

Back 195

Move appendage away from the midline

Front 196

Adduction

Back 196

Move appendage toward the midline

Front 197

Circumduction

Back 197

Move a distal part of an appendage in a circular motion

Front 198

Rotation

Back 198

Turn on a pivot with a circular motion

Front 199

Supination

Back 199

Palm of the hand forward or upward

Front 200

Pronation

Back 200

Palm face backward or downward

Front 201

Inversion

Back 201

Turn sole of foot inward

Front 202

Dorsiflexion

Back 202

Point the toes upward, stand on the heels

Front 203

Plantar flexion

Back 203

Point the toes downward, raise the heel

Front 204

Twitch contraction

Back 204

quick shortening and relaxation ovserved in a skelatal muscle when a single action potential traveling down a motor neuron stimulates the skeletal muscle fibers of the motor unit to contract.

Front 205

The three phases of a twitch contraction are the _______________

Back 205

latent, contraction, and relaxation period.

Front 206

Latent period

Back 206

lasts about 2 milisec. time between muscle cells and force generation.

Front 207

Contraction period

Back 207

lasts about 10 to 100 msec and is the period during which force is increasing.

Front 208

Pectoralis major

Back 208

adducts and flexes arm and shoulder joint

Front 209

Serratus anterior

Back 209

abducts scapula and rotates it upward. Often called the boxers muscle.

Front 210

External oblique

Back 210

Lateral and anterior sheetlike muscles

Front 211

Internal oblique

Back 211

compress abdomen