Anatomy And Physiology Ch. 1

Front 1

anatomy

Back 1

the study of structure of an organism and the relationship of it's parts

Front 2

physiology

Back 2

the study of body function

Front 3

dissection

Back 3

cutting technique used to separate body parts for study

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disease

Back 4

any significant abnormality in the body's structure or function that disrupts a person's vial function or physical, mental, or social well being

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pathology

Back 5

scientific study of a disease

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organization

Back 6

the human body is organized into different levels of organization: chemical, cell, tissue, organ, system and body

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chemical level

Back 7

organization that includes atoms and molecules; the chemical substances that make up the body's structure

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theory or law

Back 8

a hypothesis that has gained a high level of confidence

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cells

Back 9

basic unit of the body consisting of a nucleus

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tissues

Back 10

a group of similar cells the perform a common function

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organ

Back 11

group of several tissue types that performs a special functions...ex.. heart, liver, kidney,

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systems

Back 12

a group of organs arranged so that the group can perform a more complex function than any one organ can perform alone....ex...respiratory system

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anatomical positions

Back 13

at the body is erect or standing with arms to the side and palms facing forward

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median

Back 14

middle of the body

Front 15

directional terms

Back 15

a term to give direction of a body part...ex...left, right, anterior, posterior, superior, inferior,,etc

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supine

Back 16

description of the body lying in a horizontal position facing upward

Front 17

prone

Back 17

description of the body position lying in a horizontal position facing downward

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superior

Back 18

higher, opposite of inferior

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inferior

Back 19

lower, opposite of superior

Front 20

anterior

Back 20

front or ventral

Front 21

posterior

Back 21

back or dorsal

Front 22

medial

Back 22

toward the middle; opposite of lateral

Front 23

lateral

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toward the side; opposite of medial

Front 24

proximal

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nearest the center of the body; opposite of distal

Front 25

distal

Back 25

toward the end(down) of a structure; opposite of proximal....hint...to dis someone means put them down from how they felt when they started

Front 26

sagittal plane

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longitudinal; like an arrow, ex...dissected long way or head to toe

Front 27

frontal plane or coronal plane

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divides the body in half between the front and the back or the anterior or posterior

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transverse plane

Back 28

travels across the body to divide it

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superficial wound

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close to the surface

Front 30

deep wound

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farther away from the surface

Front 31

What types of tests can we perform using the planes of the body?

Back 31

CT scans..MRI..ultrasounds

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homeostasis

Back 32

relative uniformity of the normal body's internal environment...uses positive and negative feedback loops...helps keep the body constant

Front 33

abdominal region

Back 33

anterior torso below diaphragm

Front 34

antebrachial region

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forearm

Front 35

axillary region

Back 35

armpit

Front 36

brachial region

Back 36

arm

Front 37

buccal region

Back 37

cheek

Front 38

carpel region

Back 38

wrist

Front 39

cephalic region

Back 39

head

Front 40

cervical region

Back 40

neck

Front 41

cranial region

Back 41

skull

Front 42

crual region

Back 42

leg

Front 43

cubical region

Back 43

elbow

Front 44

cutaneous

Back 44

skin or body surface

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digital region

Back 45

fingers and toes

Front 46

dorsal region

Back 46

back

Front 47

facial region

Back 47

face

Front 48

femoral region

Back 48

thigh

Front 49

frontal region

Back 49

forehead

Front 50

gluteal region

Back 50

buttock

Front 51

inguinal region

Back 51

groin

Front 52

lumbar region

Back 52

lower back between ribs and pelvis

Front 53

mammary region

Back 53

breast

Front 54

nasal region

Back 54

nose

Front 55

occipital region

Back 55

back of lower skull

Front 56

olecranal region

Back 56

back of elbow

Front 57

oral region

Back 57

mouth

Front 58

orbital region /ophthalmic

Back 58

eyes

Front 59

palmar region

Back 59

palm of hand

Front 60

pedal region

Back 60

foot

Front 61

pelvic region

Back 61

lower portion of the torso

Front 62

perineal region

Back 62

area between the anus and genitals

Front 63

plantar region

Back 63

sole of foot

Front 64

popliteal region

Back 64

area behind the knee

Front 65

suprclavicular region

Back 65

area above the clavicle....collar bone

Front 66

tarsal region

Back 66

ankle

Front 67

temporal region

Back 67

side of skull

Front 68

thoracic region

Back 68

entire chest

Front 69

umbilical region

Back 69

area around navel or umbilicus

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volar region

Back 70

palm or sole

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zygomatic region

Back 71

upper cheek

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dorsal cavity

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contains the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity

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cranial cavity

Back 73

contains the brain

Front 74

spinal cavity

Back 74

contains the spinal cord

Front 75

cranial cavity

Back 75

contains the brain

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ventral cavity

Back 76

contains the thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and the pelvic cavity

Front 77

thoracic cavity

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contains the lungs and the heart

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abdominal cavity

Back 78

contains all of the abdominal organs

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pelvic cavity

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contains urinary bladder and reproductive organs

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o

Back 80

oxygen

Front 81

C

Back 81

carbon

Front 82

H

Back 82

hydrogen

Front 83

N

Back 83

nitrogen

Front 84

Ca

Back 84

calcium

Front 85

P

Back 85

phosphorous

Front 86

Na

Back 86

sodium

Front 87

K

Back 87

Potassium

Front 88

Chlorine

Back 88

Cl

Front 89

I

Back 89

Iodine

Front 90

Major elements make up 96% of the body

Back 90

COHN Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, Nitrogen

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ions or electolytes

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Sodium, chlorine, potassium, calcium, hydrogen, magnesium, hydroxide, phosphate, bicarbonate

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ionic bond

Back 92

chemical bond formed by the positive negative attraction between two ions...ex...like they are dating opposites attract...these bonds break apart in water to make electrolytes

Front 93

covalent bond

Back 93

a chemical bond formed by two atoms sharing one or more pairs of electrons..ex..like a married couple sharing...are not easily broken in water

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dehydration synthesis reaction

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chemical reaction in which water is removed from small molecules so they can be strung together to form a larger molecule

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hydrolysis reaction

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a reaction in which water is added to subunits of a large molecule to break it apart into smaller molecules

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ph of blood

Back 96

7.35-7.45

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acids

Back 97

any substance that, when dissolved in water, contributes to an access of h+ ions (that is a low pH) 7.0 and lower

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bases or alkaline

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a chemical that, when dissolved in water, reduces the the relative concentration of H+ .....7.0 and up

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functions of water in the body

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it is essential for life, it is a solvent, ex. babies are 80% and adults are 50-60%

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neutral pH

Back 100

7.0

Front 101

buffers

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form chemical systems that absorb excess acids or bases and thus maintain a relatively stable pH

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What is the relationship between cholesterol and steroids?

Back 102

molecules have a steroid structure made up of multiple rings; cholesterol stabilizes the phospholipid tails in cellular membranes and i also converted into steroid hormones by the body

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protiens

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very large molecules made up of amino acids..held together by peptide bonds

Front 104

enzymes

Back 104

chemilock and key modelcal catalysts; ; lock and key; speeds it up; ex...you would mix lactase with lactose...etc

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nucleic acids

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DNA and RNA

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DNA

Back 106

form a double helix, used as the cells master code, uses deoxyribose and sugar, and contains A-T-C-G bases...hint I am glad mom made me and not u

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RNA

Back 107

temporary working copy of a gene; uses ribose and sugar, and contains A-U-C-G bases

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glycogen

Back 108

polysaccharide made up of a chain of glucose molecules; animal starch

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leg

Back 109

lower extremity between the knee and ankle and not to the entire lower extremity

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catalyst

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a chemical that speeds up a reaction and doesn't change itself

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dehydration

Back 111

water is removed

Front 112

hydration

Back 112

water is added

Front 113

What is the precursor to steroids?

Back 113

cholesterol

Front 114

polysaccharide

Back 114

a glucose that is stored in the liver, made of many monosaccharides ex. glycogen and starch; stored in the body

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electrons

Back 115

are found in the electron ring or shell and are negative

Front 116

atomic mass

Back 116

number of protons and neutrons combined

Front 117

atomic number

Back 117

number of protons in the nucleus

Front 118

strong acid

Back 118

an acid that almost completely splits to form H+ ions in a solution

Front 119

weak acid

Back 119

splits very little and forms very little H+ ions in a solution

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monsaccharide

Back 120

basic unit of carbohydrate molecules...ex...gucose, galactose, and fructose

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disaccharide

Back 121

double sugar made of two monosaccharides...ex..sucrose, lactose, maltose

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structural proteins

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collagen and keratin

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collogen

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a fibrous protein that holds many tissues together

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keratin

Back 124

forms tough, waterproof fibers in the outer layer of the skin

Front 125

functional proteins

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participate in chemical processes of the body...ex..hormones...cell membrane channels and receptors, and enzymes

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triglycerides

Back 126

joined by 3 fatty acids...store fat for later use..ex..what makes us gain weight

Front 127

phospholipids

Back 127

has phosphorus with a head and two tails; head attracts to water and the tail tries to stay away from water...used to form the membrane of the cell

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protons

Back 128

positive and in the nucleus

Front 129

neutrons

Back 129

neural in the nucleus

Front 130

electrons

Back 130

negative charge and in the electron shell

Front 131

Where can you find hydrogen bonds?

Back 131

water, DNA, and protions

Front 132

How are covalent bonds used in the Body?

Back 132

they are organic compounds found in the body

Front 133

A cell membrane means the same as....

Back 133

the plasma membrane

Front 134

positive feedback

Back 134

ex...childbirth and blood clotting (vitamin K)

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effector

Back 135

any organ that has an effect on the body's internal environment in response to the feedback; ex...voluntary and involuntary muscle...the heart...and the glands

Front 136

sensor

Back 136

a part of homeostatic feedback loop that detects changes in the body...example thermostat

Front 137

negative feedback

Back 137

homeostatic control system in which information feeding back to the control center causes the level of a variable to be changed in the direction opposite to that of the initial stimulus ex...if you are in the cold and shiver it warms you and if are hot you sweat and it cools you

Front 138

thermostat in the feedback process

Back 138

control center

Front 139

right upper quadrant

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gall bladder

Front 140

right lower quadrant

Back 140

appendix

Front 141

left upper quadrant

Back 141

stomach

Front 142

left lower quadrant

Back 142

small intestines

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ion charges

Back 143

ions gain a an electron they are positive, if they lose an electron they are negative

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pleural

Back 144

lungs

Front 145

appendicular

Back 145

upper and lower extremities; limbs ex...arms and legs

Front 146

What word comes from cutting apart?

Back 146

anatomy

Front 147

Aqueous solution

Back 147

when water

Front 148

reactants

Back 148

combine to form a larger product

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types of carbohydrates

Back 149

monosaccharide, glycogen, sucrose

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types of lipids

Back 150

cholesterol tryglyceride,and phospholipid

Front 151

types of proteins

Back 151

amino acid, contain cohn

Front 152

types of nucleic acids

Back 152

DNA, RNA,