Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

Four Basic types of tissues

Back 1

Epithelium
Connective Tissue
Muscular Tissue
Nervous Tissue

Front 2

Tissues

Back 2

Group of similar cells with similar functions

Front 3

Types of Epithelium

Back 3

2 kinds:
Covering and lining
Glandular

Front 4

First way of classifying Epithelium

Back 4

Based on appearance, the number of cells in layer.
One layer of cells: simple
Two or more layers of cells: Stratified

Front 5

Second way of classifying Epithelium

Back 5

Based on Shape of cells;
Squamous - flat, much wider than tall
Cuboidal - as wide as it is tall
Columnar - Much taller than it is wide

Front 6

Epithelium Classification

Back 6

When shape changes name changes as well according to top most layer shape

Front 7

Epithelium Locations

Back 7

Located between 2 different environments
example skin and air

Front 8

Epithelium Functions

Back 8

depends on site of interfaces
-protection (skin)
- secretion and absorption - along the path of digestion
- Excretion - removes harmful substances
- sensory reception - as close as possible to environment

Front 9

Simple Squamous

Back 9

blood vessels body cavities

Front 10

Simple cuboidal

Back 10

tubules in kidneys

Front 11

Simple Columnar

Back 11

Digestive tract
simple ciliated columnar - on atypical surface if name says simple columnar it does not have cilia

Front 12

pseudostratified columnar

Back 12

resp. tract
appears to be stratified but not its just at different heights.

Front 13

Stratified Squamous

Back 13

more protection at areas of friction
example vagina.
on the skin

Front 14

Stratified cubodial

Back 14

not in humans

Front 15

stratified columnar

Back 15

Very rare
larger glands (ducts)

Front 16

Transitional Epithelium

Back 16

Organs change size depending on time of day
in urinary bladder

Front 17

Apical Specializations

Back 17

microvilli - cillia that don't move
used for absorption
allows the cell to have more surface area without expanding, which increase rate of absorption

Front 18

Apical Specialization

Back 18

Have cilia supported by tubules which are arranged in a 9 plus 2

Front 19

Junction Complexes

Back 19

prevents molecules from slipping between epitheal cells. Gives control of what passes through cell membranes and holds cells together like a weld

Front 20

Gap Junctions

Back 20

Portals between adjacent cells allows molecules to flow between epithelial cells, manly ion flow a way of ion flow.

Front 21

Basement membrane

Back 21

all Epithelial cells lie on basement membrane, material needs to be absorbed through basement membrane.

Front 22

Glandular Epithelium

Back 22

Manufacture and secrete products
gland is a bunch of epithial cells
either exocrine or endocrine

Front 23

Exocrine Gland

Back 23

Secrete their product onto an internal or external body surface or hollow organelle

Unicellular exocrine gland are goblet cell which line the digestive tract.

Front 24

Exocrine Gland (cont.)

Back 24

- Located near destination of product near the body.
- Uses duct’s to get product up to surface or lumen. Ducts are made up of epithelium non secretory.
- If ducts are not branched known as simple multicellular exocrine glands
- If ducts are branched known as compound multicellular exocrine glands

Front 25

Endocrine Gland

Back 25

Uses circulatory system for delivery
. Has important roles in regulating major functions and physiology throughout the body: hormones.