Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

What are the two types of active transport?

Back 1

Active transport and vesicular transport

Front 2

What are three reasons to use active transport

Back 2

Solute too large, solute not lipid soluble, solute moving up concentration gradient

Front 3

What are the three different types of Carrie proteins

Back 3

Simple transporters, antiporters, and symporters

Front 4

Simple transporter

Back 4

Allows one substance in

Front 5

Antiporter

Back 5

Allows one substance into cell and one cell out

Front 6

Symporter

Back 6

Allows 2 different substances to enter in the same direction

Front 7

Transyctosis

Back 7

Movement of material into cell (endocytosis) and then out of cell (exocytosis)

Front 8

Genes

Back 8

Code for one polypeptide

Front 9

RNA

Back 9

Single stranded nucleic acid (copy of DNA)

Front 10

What is the RNA backbone made of?

Back 10

Phosphate and ribose or deoxyribose

Front 11

What is the RNA base made of?

Back 11

A,C,G,T or U

Front 12

Which RNA translates to proteins

Back 12

mRNA

Front 13

Which RNA combines with proteins to make ribosomes

Back 13

rRNA

Front 14

tRNA

Back 14

Collects proper amino acid and brings it to ribosomes

Front 15

Where's the epidermis not located

Back 15

Eyes, mouth, kidneys, etc

Front 16

Dendritic cells

Back 16

Protects nucleus and makes sure nothing gets in

Front 17

Tactile cell

Back 17

Sensory cell in epidermis that's attached to a nerve

Front 18

What type of tissue is in the epidermis

Back 18

Epithelial

Front 19

What type of tissue is in the dermis

Back 19

Connective tissue

Front 20

3 types of accessory structure

Back 20

Hair nails and glands

Front 21

What do macrophages in the dermis do

Back 21

Eat invaders and are wandering cells

Front 22

What makes up the cutaneous layers

Back 22

Epidermis and dermis

Front 23

What are the two layers of the dermis

Back 23

Papillary and reticular

Front 24

How is the epidermis important to bones

Back 24

Vitamin d3 synthesis takes place here

Front 25

What organs are used in vitamin D3 synthesis

Back 25

Liver and kidneys

Front 26

Which layer of the epidermis is fastened together by desmosones and is considered "spiney"

Back 26

Stratum spinosum

Front 27

Which epidermal layer has granules of keratin and lipids in the cytoplasm

Back 27

Stratum granulosum

Front 28

Which epidermal layer has visible nuclei

Back 28

Stratum granulosum

Front 29

Which epidermal layer has disintegrating organelles

Back 29

Stratum granulosam

Front 30

What are the two types of epidermis

Back 30

Thick and thin

Front 31

Where's thick epidermis located

Back 31

Palms, soles, lips

Front 32

What type of tissue is found in the papillary later of the dermis

Back 32

Areolar

Front 33

Which layer of the dermis contains tactile corpuscles

Back 33

Papillary

Front 34

What type of tissue is found in the reticular layer of the dermis

Back 34

Dense irregular connective tissue

Front 35

Lines of collagen fibers in reticular later

Back 35

Lines of tension

Front 36

Vessels, nerve endings, and accessory structures are located in what dermal layer

Back 36

Reticular

Front 37

Melanin protects what structure

Back 37

Folic acid

Front 38

Flexure lines

Back 38

Permanent wrinkles around joints

Front 39

What are the two types of melanin

Back 39

Pheomelanin and eumelanin

Front 40

Pheomelanin

Back 40

Reddish yellow melanin

Front 41

Eumelanin

Back 41

Brownish black melanin

Front 42

What three things affect skin color

Back 42

Melanin carotene and hemoglobin

Front 43

This chemical in your skin is converted to vitamin A

Back 43

Carotene

Front 44

Root

Back 44

Portion in skin

Front 45

Shaft

Back 45

Portion outside skin

Front 46

Medulla (hair)

Back 46

Inner, large cells and air spaces

Front 47

Cortex (hair)

Back 47

Middle, flattened cells

Front 48

Cuticle (hair)

Back 48

Outter later

Front 49

Terminal hair

Back 49

Hair on head

Front 50

Vellus hair

Back 50

Fine body hair

Front 51

Lanugo

Back 51

Hair on infants

Front 52

Enzyme

Back 52

Protein (chain of amino acids folded into a specific shape)

Front 53

How do you name an enzyme

Back 53

Add "ase" to it's substrate

Front 54

What type of tissue makes glands

Back 54

Epidermal tissue

Front 55

Sebaceous gland

Back 55

Secretes oil (sebum"lipid mixture)

Front 56

What hormones control sebaceous glands

Back 56

Sex hormones

Front 57

Sudoriferous glands

Back 57

Sweat glands

Front 58

Eccrine gland

Back 58

Sweat glands on palms, soles, and forehead that is mostly water and similar to a sports drink.

Front 59

Apocrine gland

Back 59

Armpits and genial seat glands that secrete milky yellowish substance and is stinky

Front 60

Mammory and earwax are what types of glands

Back 60

Appocrine

Front 61

Nail plate

Back 61

Whole thing

Front 62

Free edge (nail)

Back 62

Front 63

Nail root

Back 63

Front 64

What are the parts of the skeletal system

Back 64

Cartilage, bone, and ligaments

Front 65

Ligament

Back 65

Connects bone to bone

Front 66

What type of tissue makes up ligaments

Back 66

Dense regular connective tissue

Front 67

Hemopoesis

Back 67

Make blood. Dinner in bones

Front 68

Functions of cartilage

Back 68

Support for soft tissue, gliding joints, template for growth

Front 69

3 types of cartilage

Back 69

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic

Front 70

Hyaline cartilage

Back 70

Movement in slidey joints. (Rib cage) can shatter

Front 71

Fibrocartilage

Back 71

Shock absorber. Found in disks

Front 72

Elastic cartilage

Back 72

In ears and epiglottis

Front 73

3 tissues that make up bones

Back 73

Connective, epithelial, and nervous

Front 74

Epithelial tissue in bones?

Back 74

Blood vessels

Front 75

Diaphysis

Back 75

Middle part of bone

Front 76

Epiphysis

Back 76

Ends of bone

Front 77

Epiphyseal plate

Back 77

Used to be cartilage

Front 78

Articular cartilage

Back 78

Front 79

Flat bones

Back 79

Look like a bone sandwich

Front 80

Sesamoid bones

Back 80

Firm inside tendons (knee cap)

Front 81

Red marrow

Back 81

In spongey bone, cite of hematopoiesis

Front 82

Yellow marrow

Back 82

In shaft. Fat storage. As we grow older we go from red to yellow

Front 83

What are the three bone coverings

Back 83

Perosteum,, perforating fibers, endosteum

Front 84

Perosteum

Back 84

Outside layer of bone (denseirregular CT) and osteogenic layer

Front 85

Osteogenic layer

Back 85

Layer of periosteum where bone cell growth is promoted

Front 86

Perforated fibers

Back 86

Continuous with ligament and tensions. Contains nerves and blood vessels

Front 87

Endosteum

Back 87

Covers trabeculae and internal surfaces. Contains cells

Front 88

Trabeculae

Back 88

Little holes in bone

Front 89

Osteogenic cells

Back 89

Bone stem cells

Front 90

Osteoblasts

Back 90

Build. Secrete bone matrix that becomes bone

Front 91

Osteoid

Back 91

Organic (collagen) part of bones

Front 92

Osteocytes

Back 92

Stay. Keep tissue healthy. Stay in lacunae. Respond to pressure

Front 93

Osteoclasts

Back 93

Breaks down bone

Front 94

Spongey bone

Back 94

Withstand force from all directions. Contains trabeculae

Front 95

Compact bone

Back 95

Bends

Front 96

Four parts of compact bone

Back 96

Osteons, lamella, lacunae, and canaliculi

Front 97

Lamella

Back 97

Layers of collagen tissue (circumferential and interstitial)

Front 98

Lacunae

Back 98

Spaces where osteocytes live

Front 99

Canaliculi

Back 99

Canals connecting lacunae

Front 100

In utero all one is made from

Back 100

Headline cartilage and fibrous membranes

Front 101

These bones are made by intramembranous ossification

Back 101

Skull and clavicle

Front 102

Which bones use endochondrial ossification?

Back 102

All except clavicle

Front 103

Appositional growth

Back 103

Bone added under periosteum while bone is removed inside

Front 104

Where's the parathyroid hormone

Back 104

Back of neck

Front 105

This hormone monitors blood calcium

Back 105

Parathyroid

Front 106

Wolf's law

Back 106

Bone grows thicker where stressed

Front 107

Articulations

Back 107

Places where two bones meet

Front 108

4 types of fractures

Back 108

Position of bone ends, completeness of fracture, orientation of break, perversion of skin

Front 109

Nondisplaced fracture

Back 109

Bone didn't move

Front 110

Displaced fracture

Back 110

Bone moved

Front 111

Transverse fracture

Back 111

Across bone

Front 112

Compound fracture

Back 112

Touches skin

Front 113

Hematoma stage in fracture

Back 113

Swelling after few minutes. Some cells die

Front 114

Fibrocartilaginous stage

Back 114

Vessels begin to grow back

Front 115

What happens during callus stage of fracture

Back 115

Soft callus becomes boney callus

Front 116

Osteomyelitis

Back 116

Bone infection

Front 117

Synarthroses

Back 117

Immovable

Front 118

Ampharthroses

Back 118

Slightly movable

Front 119

Diarthroses

Back 119

Freely movable

Front 120

2 ways to classify articulations

Back 120

Motion and structure

Front 121

3 structures of articulations

Back 121

Fibrous, cartilage, synovial(membrane)

Front 122

3 types of fibrous joints

Back 122

Sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

Front 123

Syndesmoses

Back 123

Immovable joint

Front 124

Gomphoses

Back 124

In teeth

Front 125

5 parts of synovial joints

Back 125

Articular cartilage, joint cavity, articular capsule,synovial fluid, reinforcing ligaments

Front 126

Articular cartilage

Back 126

At ends of bones, prevents crushing of bone ends

Front 127

Joint cavity

Back 127

Filled with synovial fluid

Front 128

Articular capsule

Back 128

External fibrous layer

Front 129

Bursae

Back 129

Bags of synovial fluid that act as ball bearings

Front 130

Tendon sheath

Back 130

Elongated bursae

Front 131

Luxation

Back 131

Dislocation of joint

Front 132

Glenohumeral

Back 132

Shoulder joint

Front 133

3 types of muscle

Back 133

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Front 134

Synctial

Back 134

Fusion of many cells

Front 135

Satellite cells

Back 135

Muscle repair

Front 136

Endomyseum

Back 136

Areolar tissue that covers a muscle cell

Front 137

Perimyseum

Back 137

Covers bundles (fasicles) of cells

Front 138

Epimysium

Back 138

Covers muscle

Front 139

Fascia

Back 139

Covers multiple muscles

Front 140

Aponeurosis

Back 140

Fibrous white tissue that takes the place of tendons

Front 141

Hinge joint

Back 141

Elbow

Front 142

Pivot joint

Back 142

Front 143

Condyloid joint

Back 143

Fingers

Front 144

Sliding joints

Back 144

Carpals

Front 145

Ball and socket joint

Back 145

Shoulder

Front 146

Saddle joint

Back 146

Thumb

Front 147

Agonist muscle

Back 147

Muscle that contracts and does movement

Front 148

Antagonist

Back 148

Relaxes

Front 149

Synergist

Back 149

Helps agonist

Front 150

Fixator

Back 150

Keeps form and joints steady during flexure

Front 151

Muscle cell membrane

Back 151

Sarcolema

Front 152

Muscle cell cytoplasm

Back 152

Sarcoplasm

Front 153

Muscle cell ER

Back 153

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (stores calcium)

Front 154

Transverse tubules

Back 154

Deep tunnels of sarcolemna in cell

Front 155

Myoglobin

Back 155

Stores oxygen in muscle

Front 156

Myofibrils

Back 156

Threadlike organelle made of myofilaments

Front 157

Actin

Back 157

Long twisted chains of globular proteins

Front 158

Tropomyosin

Back 158

Protein that covers actin

Front 159

Troponin

Back 159

Front 160

Myosin

Back 160

Golf club shaped protein

Front 161

Elastic filaments

Back 161

Run through middle of thick filaments

Front 162

Sarcomere

Back 162

Runs z to z disc

Front 163

A band

Back 163

Overlapping myosin and thin filaments

Front 164

I band

Back 164

Light part. Only thin filaments

Front 165

Depolarization

Back 165

Large influx of NA+ into cell

Front 166

Repolarization

Back 166

Potassium out of cell