Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
138 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
anatomy
|
the study of the structure (morphology) of body parts
|
|
|
physiology
|
the study of the function of body parts
|
|
|
atom
|
the smallest particle of an element
|
|
|
molecule
|
a particle composed of 2 or more joined atoms
|
|
|
macromolecule
|
a large molecule; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
|
|
|
organelles
|
a small organ of a cell, which perfoms a particular function
|
|
|
cells
|
the basic unit of life
|
|
|
tissues
|
a group of similar cells that perfoms a specialized function
|
|
|
organs
|
a group of tissues that performs a specialized function
|
|
|
organ system
|
a group of organs that act together to carry on a specialized function (11)
|
|
|
organism
|
the most complex level of organization; an individual living thing
|
|
|
ten processes of the characteristics of life
|
movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation (opposite of digestion), exretion
|
|
|
requirements of organisms
|
water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
|
|
|
homeostasis
|
the tendency of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment
|
|
|
three components in homeostatic mechanisms
|
receptor, control center, effector
|
|
|
positive feedback mechanisms
|
uterine contractions, milk production, blood clotting
|
|
|
two portions of the human body
|
axial, appendicular
|
|
|
axial portion of the body
|
head, neck, trunk
|
|
|
appendicular portion of the body
|
upper and lower extremities
|
|
|
major cavities of the body
|
dorsal, ventral
|
|
|
cavities in the dorsal cavity
|
cranial cavity, vertebral canal
|
|
|
cranial cavity includes...
|
brain
|
|
|
vertebral canal includes...
|
spinal cord, vertebrae
|
|
|
cavities in the ventral cavity
|
thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity
|
|
|
thoracic cavity includes...
|
lungs, mediastinum, thymus, heart, esophagus, trachea
|
|
|
diaphragm
|
muscle that separates the thoracic from abdominopelvic cavities
|
|
|
cavities in the abdominopelvic cavity
|
abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity
|
|
|
abdominal cavity includes...
|
stomach, liver, spleen, gall bladder, small intestine, large intestine
|
|
|
pelvic cavity includes...
|
urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs
|
|
|
retroperitoneal
|
behind the abdominopelvic cavity
|
|
|
membrane
|
soft, thin, pliable layer of tissue that either covers a vital organ or lines a body cavity
|
|
|
viceral membrane
|
covers a vital organ
|
|
|
parietal membrane
|
lines a body cavity
|
|
|
serous fluid
|
fluid secreted for lubrication in the space between a visceral and parietal membrane
|
|
|
pleura
|
serous membranes of the lungs
|
|
|
space between pleura
|
pleural cavity
|
|
|
pericardium
|
serous membranes of the heart
|
|
|
space between the pericarium
|
pericardial cavity
|
|
|
peritoneum
|
serous membranes of the abdominopelvic cavity
|
|
|
space between the peritoneum
|
peritoneal cavity
|
|
|
system name for body covering
|
integumentary system
|
|
|
organs in the integumentary system
|
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands
|
|
|
functions of the integumentary system
|
protect underlying tissues, help regulate body temperature, house a variety of sensory receptors, synthesize certain products
|
|
|
systems for support and movement
|
skeletal, muscular
|
|
|
organs of the skeletal system
|
bones, cartilage, ligaments
|
|
|
functions of the skeletal system
|
provide framework, protective sheilds for softer tissues, attachments for muscles, act with muscles for movement
|
|
|
organs of the muscular system
|
muscles
|
|
|
functions of the muscular system
|
contract and pull to provide the forces that cause movement, help maintain body temperature, primary source of heat
|
|
|
systems for integration and coordination
|
nervous, endocrine
|
|
|
organs of the nervous system
|
brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs
|
|
|
functions of nervous system
|
use electrochemical signals to communicate with one another and with muscles and glands
|
|
|
organs of endocrine system
|
adrenal glands, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal gland, thymus
|
|
|
functions of endocrine system
|
secrete chemical messengers called hormones
|
|
|
systems for transport
|
cardiovascular, lymphatic
|
|
|
organs of cardiovascular system
|
heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, blood
|
|
|
functions of cardiovascular system
|
transports gases, nutrients, hormones, and wastes
|
|
|
organs of lymphatic system
|
lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, thymus gland, spleen
|
|
|
functions of lymphatic system
|
carries extracellular fluid back to bloodstream and fatty substances away from digestive organs
|
|
|
systems of absorption and secretion
|
respiratory, urinary, digestive
|
|
|
organs of respiratory system
|
nasal cavity, bronchi, pharynx, larynx, lungs, trachea
|
|
|
functions of respiratory system
|
take air in and out; exchange gases between blood and air
|
|
|
organs of urinary system
|
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
|
|
|
functions of urinary system
|
remove waste from blood; assist in water and electrolyte balance; store urine and transport it outside
|
|
|
organs of digestive system
|
mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intesine, large intestine
|
|
|
functions of digestive system
|
receive foods; breakdown food molecules that can be passed through cell membranes and absorbed into internal environment
|
|
|
systems of reproduction
|
reproductive; male and female
|
|
|
organs of male reproductive system
|
scrotum, testes, epididymidus, vas deferens, bulbourethral glands, urethra, penis
|
|
|
functions of male reproductive system
|
produce and maintain male sex characteristics
|
|
|
organs of female reproductive system
|
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, vulva
|
|
|
functions of female reproductive system
|
produce and maintain female sex characteristics; recieve male sex cells; transport female sex cells within the female reproductive system; supports development of embryos; functions in the birth process
|
|
|
anatomical terminology
|
language used to describe the relative position of body parts
|
|
|
anatomical position
|
standing erect, face forward, upper limbs at sides, palms forward
|
|
|
superior
|
above
|
|
|
inferior
|
below
|
|
|
anterior
|
front
|
|
|
posterior
|
back
|
|
|
ventral
|
front
|
|
|
dorsal
|
back
|
|
|
medial
|
center
|
|
|
lateral
|
side
|
|
|
ipsilateral
|
same side
|
|
|
contralateral
|
opposite side
|
|
|
proximal
|
closer to the trunk
|
|
|
distal
|
farther from the trunk
|
|
|
superficial
|
surface
|
|
|
deep
|
internal
|
|
|
sagittal
|
divides the body into right and left portions
|
|
|
midsagittal
|
divides the body into equal right and left portions
|
|
|
transverse
|
divides the body into superior and inferior portions
|
|
|
coronal
|
divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
|
|
|
cross-section
|
cut at 90 degrees to long axis of the object
|
|
|
oblique section
|
cut at an angle across and object
|
|
|
longitudinal section
|
cut lenghtwise along an object
|
|
|
9 regions of the abdominal area (top right to bottom left)
|
rt hypochondriac, epigastric, lt hypochondriac, rt lumbar, umbilical, lt lumbar, rt iliac, hypogastric, lt iliac
|
|
|
4 quadrants of the abdominal area
|
rt upper quad, lt upper quad, rt lower quad, lt lower quad
|
|
|
abdominal
|
region between the thorax and pelvix
|
|
|
acromial
|
point of the shoulder
|
|
|
antebrachial
|
forearm
|
|
|
antecubital
|
space in front of the elbow
|
|
|
axillary
|
armpit
|
|
|
brachial
|
arm
|
|
|
buccal
|
cheek
|
|
|
carpal
|
wrist
|
|
|
celiac
|
abdomen
|
|
|
cephalic
|
head
|
|
|
cervical
|
neck
|
|
|
costal
|
ribs
|
|
|
coxal
|
hip
|
|
|
crural
|
leg
|
|
|
cubital
|
elbow
|
|
|
digital
|
finger
|
|
|
dorsum
|
back
|
|
|
femoral
|
thigh
|
|
|
frontal
|
forehead
|
|
|
genital
|
reproductive organs
|
|
|
gluteal
|
buttocks
|
|
|
inguinal
|
depressed area of the abdominal wall near the thigh (groin)
|
|
|
lumbar
|
region of the lower back between the ribs and the pelvis (loin)
|
|
|
mammary
|
breast
|
|
|
mental
|
chin
|
|
|
nasal
|
nose
|
|
|
occipital
|
lower posterior region of the head
|
|
|
oral
|
mouth
|
|
|
orbital
|
eye cavity
|
|
|
otic
|
ear
|
|
|
palmar
|
palm of the hand
|
|
|
patellar
|
front of the knee
|
|
|
pectoral
|
chest
|
|
|
pedal
|
foot
|
|
|
pelvic
|
pelvis
|
|
|
perineal
|
region between the anus and the external reproductive organs (perineum)
|
|
|
plantar
|
sole of the foot
|
|
|
popliteal
|
area behind the knee
|
|
|
sacral
|
posterior region between the hipbones
|
|
|
sternal
|
middle of the thorax, anteriorly
|
|
|
tarsal
|
instep of the foot
|
|
|
umbilical
|
navel
|
|
|
vertebral
|
spinal column
|
