Anatomy And Phisiology Chapter 1

Front 1

gross anatomy

Back 1

macroscopic anatomy, study of general form and superficial markings

Front 2

regional anatomy

Back 2

anatomical organization of specific areas of the body such as head neck or trunk

Front 3

systemic anatomy

Back 3

study of the structure of organ systems

Front 4

developmental anatomy

Back 4

describes changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity

Front 5

embryology

Back 5

study of first two months of development

Front 6

clinical anatomy

Back 6

specialties important to clinical practice

Front 7

pathological anatomy

Back 7

study of change in anatomical features during illness

Front 8

radiographic anatomy

Back 8

anatomical structures seen using specialized imaging techniques

Front 9

surgical anatomy

Back 9

anatomical landmarks important in surgery

Front 10

microscopic anatomy

Back 10

deals with structures that cannot be seen without magnification

Front 11

cytology

Back 11

study of internal structure of cells

Front 12

histology

Back 12

examination of tissues

Front 13

tissues

Back 13

groups of specialized cells

Front 14

cell physiology

Back 14

study of the function of cells

Front 15

organ physiology

Back 15

study of the physiology of specific organs

Front 16

systemic physiology

Back 16

study of the function of specific organ systems

Front 17

pathological physiology

Back 17

study of the effects of diseases on organ functions or system functions

Front 18

homeostatic regulation

Back 18

adjustment of physiological systems to preserve homeostasis

Front 19

autoregulation

Back 19

intrinsic regulation, occurs when a tissue, organ or an organ system adjusts its activity automatically in response to some environmental change

Front 20

extrinsic regulation

Back 20

results from the activities of the nervous system or endocrine system, two organ systems that control or adjust many other systems simultaneously

Front 21

receptor

Back 21

a sensor that is sensitive to a particular stimulus or environmental change

Front 22

control center

Back 22

integration center, reciees and processes the information supplied by the receptor and sends out commands

Front 23

effector

Back 23

a cell or organ that responds to the commands of the control center and whose activity either opposes or enhances the stimulus

Front 24

set point

Back 24

desired value of homeostasis

Front 25

negative feedback

Back 25

effector activated by the control center opposes or negates the original stimulus, minimizes change, example thermoregulation

Front 26

positive feedback

Back 26

produces a response that exaggerates or enhances the original change in condition, example blood clotting

Front 27

superficial anatomy

Back 27

locating structures on or near the body surface

Front 28

anatomical position

Back 28

standing, hands at sides, palms facing forward and feet together

Front 29

supine

Back 29

lying down in anatomical position

Front 30

prone

Back 30

face down

Front 31

abdominopelvic quadrants

Back 31

formed by a pair of perpendicular lines that intersect at the navel

Front 32

abdominopelivc regions

Back 32

nine, middle box around belly button

Front 33

frontal

Back 33

forehead

Front 34

otic

Back 34

ear

Front 35

buccal

Back 35

cheek

Front 36

cervical

Back 36

neck

Front 37

thoracic

Back 37

chest

Front 38

umbilical

Back 38

navel

Front 39

manual

Back 39

hand

Front 40

inguinal

Back 40

groin

Front 41

femoral

Back 41

thigh

Front 42

hallux

Back 42

big toe

Front 43

digits

Back 43

toes, fingers

Front 44

crural

Back 44

leg

Front 45

patellar

Back 45

kneecap

Front 46

pollex

Back 46

thumb

Front 47

palmar

Back 47

palm

Front 48

carpal

Back 48

wrist

Front 49

antebrachial

Back 49

forearm

Front 50

antecubital

Back 50

front of elbow

Front 51

brachial

Back 51

arm

Front 52

axillary

Back 52

armpit

Front 53

mental

Back 53

chin

Front 54

cephalic

Back 54

head

Front 55

acromial

Back 55

shoulder

Front 56

dorsal

Back 56

back

Front 57

olecranal

Back 57

back of elbow

Front 58

popliteal

Back 58

back of knee

Front 59

sural

Back 59

calf

Front 60

calcaneal

Back 60

heel

Front 61

plantar

Back 61

sole of foot

Front 62

lower limb

Back 62

butt to foot

Front 63

upper limb

Back 63

shoulder to finger tips

Front 64

transverse plane

Back 64

lies at right angle to the long axis of the body

Front 65

superior portion

Back 65

towards head

Front 66

inferior portion

Back 66

towards feet

Front 67

frontal plane

Back 67

parallel to long axis of body, divides body into anterior and posterior

Front 68

sagittal plane

Back 68

parallel to long axis of body, divides into left and right portions

Front 69

midsagittal section

Back 69

median section, divides body into equal left and right portions

Front 70

parasagittal section

Back 70

a cut parallel to the midsagittal line

Front 71

caudal

Back 71

towards the tail

Front 72

medial

Back 72

towards the bodys longitudinal axis, toward midsagittal plane

Front 73

lateral

Back 73

away from the body's longitudinal axis, away from the midsagittal plane

Front 74

proximal

Back 74

toward and attached base

Front 75

distal

Back 75

away from an attached base

Front 76

ventral body cavity

Back 76

contains respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems

Front 77

viscera

Back 77

internal organs that are partially or completely enclosed by body cavities

Front 78

diaphragm

Back 78

divides thoracic and abdominopelivic cavity

Front 79

thoracic cavity

Back 79

above diaphragm in ventral body cavity, contains pleural cavity and pericardial cavity

Front 80

abdominopelvic cavity

Back 80

below diaphragm, contains peritoneal cavity, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

Front 81

pleural cavities

Back 81

contains the lungs, both left and right

Front 82

mediastinum

Back 82

separates the left and right pleural cavities

Front 83

peritoneal cavity

Back 83

extends throughout abdominal cavity and into superior portion of pelvic cavity

Front 84

abdominal cavity

Back 84

contains many digestive glands and organs

Front 85

pelvic cavity

Back 85

contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, last portion of digestive tract

Front 86

pericardial cavity

Back 86

small chamber that surrounds the heart