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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What determines the structure of a plant?
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Genetics, and environment (short term and long term)
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What are the three organs of a plant?
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Roots, shoots, leaves
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What are the functions of the root?
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Collect water and minerals, anchor plant, store food
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What are the functions of stems/shoots?
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Support, transport, and some photosynthesis
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What are the two types of shoots?
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vegetative and reproductive
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What are the two parts of stems?
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Node and internode
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What are the two types of buds?
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Terminal and axillary buds
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What does the terminal bud consist of?
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shoot apical meritstems
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What is apical dominance?
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Where the presence of an apical bud inhibits growth of axillary buds.
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Name the four modified shoots/ stems
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Stolons, rhizomes, bulbs, and tubers
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What are the three tissue structures of a plant?
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Ground, vascular, and dermal
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Ground tissue is made up of what?
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the pith and cortex
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What does xylem transport and what does phloem transport?
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xylem transports water and minerals, phloem transports food to roots and nonphotosynthetic parts.
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What is the difference between animal cells and plant cells?
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No lysozomes, has cell walls, chloroplasts, vacuaold, and plasmodesmata
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what are five difference kinds of plant cells
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Parenchyma, schlerechyma, collenchyma, water-conducting cells, and sugar-conducting cells
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Explain the structure and functions of the parenchyma cells
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thin primary cell wall, metabolically active, chlorophyll for PSN.
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Explain the structure and functions of the collenchyma cells
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Primary walls unevenly thick, grouped in strands to support young plant parts without restraining growth, flexible and elongate with shoots
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Explain the structure and functions of the Schlerenchyma cels
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Mechanical suuport, rigid secondary walls, dead at full maturity and hollow.
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What are the two types of schlerenchyma cells and their functions?
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Fiber cells - long, slender, tapered cells occuring in bundles
sclereids - short irregularly shaped |
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Explain the structure and functions of the tracheids cells
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Long, thin and tapered with lignin hardened secondary walls with pits. Dead at maturity, water flows laterally. Support function
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Explain the structure and functions of the vessel elements
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wider, shorter, arranged end to end to form tube.
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Explain the structure and functions of the sieve tube members
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Chains arranged end to end, alive at functional maturity, lacks a nucleus, ribosomes, vacuole, separated by sieve plates
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Explain the structure and functions of the companion cells
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load sugar into seive tube members.
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What is development?
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sum of all the changes that progressively elaborate the plants body.
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What are the three processes of development?
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Growth, cellular differentiation, and morphogenesis
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What are the two parts of growth?
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cell division and elongation
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How do cells elongate?
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Due to water uptake in the vacuole, the direction is perpendicular to the microfibrils
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What are the three zones of primary growth?
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Zone of cell division, zone of elongation, and zone of maturation
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What is the stele?
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Central cylinder of vascular tissue (monocots different)
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What is the pericycle?
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Outer most layer of stele. Lateral roots arise from this
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What is the endodermis?
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Single cell layer between cortex and stele. Selective barrier for uptake of soil solution contents into vascular system
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What are the three parts of leaves?
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Epidermis, vascular tissue, and mesophyll
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What are the two different kinds of parenchyma cells?
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Palisade and spongy (smalled, below palisade, gas filled)
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What are the two lateral meristems?
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Vascular Cambium and cork cambium
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What type of cells does the vascular cambiun produce?
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Secondary phloem on the outside and secondary xylem to the inside
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What is wood made out of?
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Accumulation of secondary xylem
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What does the cork cambium produce and where is it located?
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It is located in the cortex and produces cork cells to replace the epidermis.
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What is the periderm?
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Cork + cork cambium
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What are lenticels?
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Cracks in the periderm that allow gas exchange for living cells
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Where does the cork cambium arise from in the roots?
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The pericycle
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Where does the vascular cambium form in roots?
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In the stele
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