Anatomy Abdominal Organs Mlp

Front 1

alimentary canal

Back 1

digestion and excretion

Front 2

mucous membrane (innermost layer of alimentary canal)

Back 2

inner most layer of alimentary canal, protects tissues beneath it, secretion, absorption

Front 3

submucosa (2nd innermost layer of alimentary canal)

Back 3

nourishes surrounding tissues and carries away absorbed materials

Front 4

muscular layer (alimentary canal)

Back 4

produces movements of the alimentary canal

Front 5

serous layer (outer covering alimentary canal)

Back 5

protects underlying tissues, secrets serous fluids

Front 6

peristalsis

Back 6

propels food down esophagus

Front 7

frenulum

Back 7

connects tongue to floor of mouth

Front 8

papillae

Back 8

provide friction, which helps handle food (on tongue)

Front 9

palate

Back 9

forms muscular arch in mouth

Front 10

uvula

Back 10

aids in swallowing

Front 11

lingual tonsils

Back 11

rounded masses on roof of tongue, protects body from infection

Front 12

palatine tonsils

Back 12

either side of tongue, near palate, protects from infection

Front 13

pharyngeal tonsils

Back 13

posterior wall of pharynx, helps protect body from infection

Front 14

permanent teeth

Back 14

incisors (front), cuspid (sharp), bicuspids (premolars), molars (fat)

Front 15

deciduous teeth

Back 15

teeth in primary years (baby teeth), to chew food

Front 16

amylase

Back 16

produced by serous cells in salivary glands, splits starch and glycogen molecules into disaccharides.

Front 17

mucus

Back 17

produced by mucus cells in salivary glands, binds food particles and lubricates during swallowing

Front 18

nasopharynx

Back 18

provides passageway for air during breathing

Front 19

oropharynx

Back 19

passageway for food moving downward in mouth, for air moving to and from nasal cavity

Front 20

laryngopharynx

Back 20

passageway to esophagus

Front 21

esophagus

Back 21

pushes food down to the cardiac region of stomach

Front 22

stomach

Back 22

mixes food w/ gastric juice, initiates protein digestion

Front 23

regions of stomach

Back 23

fundic (temporary storage), cardiac (connects esophagus to stomach), body (secretion of gastric juices), pyloric (connects stomach to duodenum)

Front 24

pyloric sphincter

Back 24

controls gastric emptying, pushes food into duodenum

Front 25

regurgitation

Back 25

in esophagus and stomach, rids body of poisoned food

Front 26

gastric glands

Back 26

in mucous membrane of stomach, secretes gastric fluids

Front 27

mucous cells

Back 27

in gastric gland, produces mucus

Front 28

chief cells

Back 28

in gastric gland, produces pepsinogen

Front 29

parietal cells

Back 29

in gastric gland, produces hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

Front 30

gastric fluid or juice

Back 30

produced by gastric glands,made up of pepsin, pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid, mucus, and intrinsic factor, digestive activities in stomach

Front 31

pepsin

Back 31

protein-splitting enzyme that digests all types of protiens

Front 32

pepsinogen

Back 32

an inactive form of pepsin

Front 33

intrinsic factor

Back 33

in gastric juice, aids in vitamin B12 absorption

Front 34

gastrin

Back 34

stimulates cell growth in the mucosa of stomach

Front 35

enterogastrone

Back 35

lower gastrointestinal tract, opposes the forward motion of chyme when exposed to lipids

Front 36

peptic ulcers

Back 36

in mucous membrane of stomach, breaks down localized tissue in stomach lining

Front 37

chyme

Back 37

in stomach, semifluid paste of food mixed with gastric juice

Front 38

peritoneum

Back 38

parietal- on body wall, secretes lubricating fluid, visceral- on organ, reduces friction

Front 39

peritoneal cavity

Back 39

formed by serous sac of peritoneum, houses abdominal organs

Front 40

omenta

Back 40

greater (greater curvature of stomach, insulates; lesser (lesser curvature of stomach) insulates

Front 41

mesentaries

Back 41

mesentary proper, (small intestines) supports s.i.;
mesocolon (large intestine) supports l.i.

Front 42

spleen

Back 42

helps fight infections, removes unwanted materials from blood

Front 43

gastro-splenic ligament

Back 43

connects spleen to stomach

Front 44

liver

Back 44

excretes bile, breaks down toxic substances

Front 45

caudate lobe of liver

Back 45

breaks down toxic substances

Front 46

falciform ligament

Back 46

secures diaphragm to abdominal awll

Front 47

coronary ligament

Back 47

secures liver to diaphragm

Front 48

hepatic ducts

Back 48

drains bile from liver

Front 49

hepatic lobules

Back 49

functional unite of liver

Front 50

hepatic sinusoids

Back 50

vascular channels on liver, separate plate like groups of hepatic lobules

Front 51

bile

Back 51

secreted from hepatic cells, emulsify fats, help enzyme action

Front 52

gall bladder

Back 52

stores bile, reabsorbs water to concentrate bile

Front 53

cystic space

Back 53

houses gall bladder

Front 54

cystic duct

Back 54

transports bile from gall bladder

Front 55

common bile duct

Back 55

bile transportation

Front 56

cholecystokin

Back 56

in intestines, stimulates gall bladder to contract, decreases gastric motility

Front 57

emulsification

Back 57

in bile, in creases total surface area of the fatty substance

Front 58

pancreas

Back 58

secretes pancreatic juice

Front 59

pancreatic amylase

Back 59

in pancrease, carb-digesting enzyme that splits starch molecules into dissacharides

Front 60

pancreatic duct

Back 60

transports pancreatic juice

Front 61

pancreatic lipase

Back 61

in pancreas, fat-digesting enzyme that breaks triglyceride molecules into fatty acids and glycerol

Front 62

trypsin and Chymotrypsis

Back 62

in pancreas, protein-splitting enzyme that splits bonds between amino acids.

Front 63

Zymogen granules

Back 63

in pancrease, stores inactive forms of enzymes in cells

Front 64

trypsinogen

Back 64

in pancreas, inactive form of trypsin

Front 65

secretin

Back 65

in small intestine, stimulates pancreas to release pancreatic juice

Front 66

enterokinase

Back 66

mucosa of small intestines, activates trypsinogen into trypsin

Front 67

small intestine

Back 67

duodenum (recieves secretions of pancreas and liver), jejunum (" "), ileum (" ")

Front 68

Aselli's pancreas

Back 68

in mesentary proper, nodular mass of lymphatic tissue that recieves lymph, fights of disease

Front 69

intestinal villi

Back 69

inner wall of small intestines, increase surface area of intestinal lining

Front 70

Intestinal enzymes(small intestines): peptidase; sucrase, maltase, lactase; intestinal lipase

Back 70

splites peptides into amino acids, splits disaccharides into monosaccharides, splits fats into fatty acids and glycerol

Front 71

peristaltic rush

Back 71

in small intestines, rapid peristalsis

Front 72

ileocecal valve

Back 72

prevents food from going backwards into ileum

Front 73

large intestines OR colon

Back 73

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid: (maintains water balance)

Front 74

rectum

Back 74

stores waste prior to excretion

Front 75

cecum

Back 75

beginning of colon, serves as starting point for large intestines

Front 76

vermiform appendix

Back 76

no known digestive functions

Front 77

kidney-nephron

Back 77

in kidney; unit cell of kidney

Front 78

adrenal or supra-adrenal glands

Back 78

secretes cortisol, adrenal androgens, and aldosterone

Front 79

ureter

Back 79

brings urine to urinary bladder

Front 80

urinary bladder

Back 80

holds urine prior to excretion

Front 81

umbilical ligament

Back 81

supports urinary bladder

Front 82

urethra

Back 82

tube where urine is discharged

Front 83

cortex

Back 83

blood filtration

Front 84

pelvis

Back 84

channels urine to ureter

Front 85

papilla

Back 85

helps to channel urine

Front 86

medulla

Back 86

controls h2o and salt in urine